Biology Quiz: Mitosis

Cell division

is the process by which cells reproduce; all cells come from preexisting cells

Genes

Cellular information is contained in genes; genes code for proteins

the genes are separated into...

daughter cells

chromatin

thin uncoiled strands composed of DNA and protein

chromosome

rod shaped structures of DNA and protein (histones)

chromatid

two identical parts of a chromosome

centromere

point at which each pair of chromatids attach

histones

a special protein molecule that DNA wraps around during chromosome formation

Homologous Chromosome

one of two pair members of a morphologically similar chromosomes

Diploid

a cell that contains both chromosomes of a homologous pair

Haploid

A cell that only has one chromosome of each homologous pair

2N refers to a...

diploid cell

1N refers to a...

haploid cell

Cell Cycle

the sequence of five events of cell division: includes 3 phases of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

Interphase

period of cell growth and development that proceeds mitosis; 3 phases of Interphase

Interphase G1

Cell doubles in size
Enzymes and organelles roughly double in number

Interphase s

DNA that makes up chromatin replicates

Interphase G2

cell undergoes rapid growth to prepare for mitosis
Synthesizes necessary enzymes and structures

Mitosis

division of the cell nucleus in which the chromosomes of the parent cell divide into two identical sets; 4 phases of Mitosis

Prophase

first stage of mitosis; 3 steps

Early Prophase

Chromatin coils and forms chromosomes

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus break down and disappear

Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell

Middle Prophase

Development of spindle fibers; polar and kinetochore fibers

Polar fibers

from centriole to centriole

Kinetochore fibers

from centromere to centrioles

Final Prophase

Asters are formed

Asters

protein fibers that radiate from each centriole

Metaphase

second stage of mitosis, during which all the chromosomes move to the cell's equator

Anaphase

stage of mitosis where the chromosomes separate; no chromosomes left, only chromatids

Telophase

final stage of mitosis; there are two identical sets of chromatids at each pole, centrioles and spindle fibers break down, chromatids elongate and unwind into chromatin, nuclear membrane forms and nucleolus appears

Cytokinesis

the division of the cytoplasm of a parent cell and its contents into two daughter cells; left with two new cells, different in plant cells

Cytokinesis in plant cells

the golgi bodies fuse at the equator to form a cell plate

cell plate

membrane across the middle of a plant cell