AP World History: Modern- Unit 1: The Global Tapestry

Got all this info from Heimler's History.

Confucianism

an ancient Chinese belief system, which focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality.

Human society is hierarchical by nature

Filial Piety

Confucian belief

Based on honoring ones ancestors and parents

Neo-Confucianism

Founded in the Song Dynasty.

Was influenced by Buddhist and Daoist philosophical values.

Demonstrates continuity + innovation

Foot Binding

Chinese custom of breaking and tightly binding the feet of young girls in order to change the shape and size of their feet.

Considered a status symbol and mark of beauty.

Imperial Bureaucracy

Organization in which appointed officials enforced policies of the empire.

Civil Service Exam

Exam designed to select the best candidates for the bureaucracy.

Which countries were influenced by China in 1200-1450?

Korea, Vietnam, Japan.

What did Korea adopt from China?

Adopted the civil service exam, Confucian principals, and the role of women in society.

What did Japan adopt from China?

Adopted China’s imperial bureaucracy

What did Vietnam adopt from China?

Adopted Confucianism, Buddhism, literacy techniques, and the civil service exam.

Buddhism

Based on the Four Noble Truths by the Buddha. The goal is to achieve personal salvation called nirvana, a state of perfect spiritual independence.

What are the Four Nobel Truths?

1. Life is suffering.

2. We suffer because we crave.

3. We cease suffering when we cease craving.

4. The eight-fold path leads to cease suffering and craving.

Hinduism

It is a polytheistic religion that believes in Brahma, the creator god, and his various incarnations. The role is to reach nirvana through reincarnation.

What are the similarities of Buddhism and Hinduism?

The cycle of rebirth and reincarnation, and ultimate goal to dissolve into the oneness of the universe- Nirvana.

Theravada Buddhism

Located in Sri Lanka

Believers isolate themselves from ‘regular’ people who are too occupied with the world to try to get to Nirvana. Focuses more on mediation.

Mahayana Buddhism

From East Asia

The believers of this religion have already reached Nirvana and try to help others achieve Nirvana as well. Involves more ritual practices

Economy in China

Artisans produced more goods than they could consumer. Sold excess around Eurasia. Became wealthly.

What did China mainly sell in the period 1200-1450?

porcelain and silk

Agricultural Innovation in China?

Champa Rice

What is Champa Rice?

Rice that matured early, resisted drought and could be harvested early.

Transportation Innovations in China

Expansion of the Great Canal. This facilitated trade and communication among regions.

Dar-al-Islam

Means ‘the house of Islam’ refers to the parts of the world where Muslims are in the majority and the ruler practice Islam.

Judaism

monotheistic religion developed among the ancient Hebrews. Judaism is characterized by a belief in one transcendent God who revealed himself to Abraham, Moses, and the Hebrew prophets.

Christianity

Branched out of Judaism and was founded by Jesus of Nazreth. Based on the life of Jesus.

Islam

Islam is a monotheistic religion founded in the 7th century by the prophet Muhammad. Islam is based on the belief in one God (Allah) and the teachings of Muhammad as recorded in the Quran, the holy book of Islam.

Abbasid Caliphate

was ethnically arab

ruled over the Islamic world, replacing the Umayyad Caliphate in 750 CE and lasting until 1258. It was known for its advancements in arts, science, and culture. Crumbled and were led by ethnic turks

Seljuk Sultanate

a medieval Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire that existed from 1037 to 1194 CE. It played a key role in the revival of Islam and Persian culture during the Middle Ages. Controlled the Abbasid Caliphate

House of Wisdom

a major Abbasid public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad

made advances in science and mathmatics

How was Muslim rule expanded?

Military expansion, Muslim merchants, Muslim missionaries

What were the three belief systems in South and South East Asia?

Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam

Bhakti Movement

Innovated from traditional polytheistic Hinduism

Emphasized challenges to social and gender hierarchies