Monarchs and Parliaments: James I and Charles I (1603-1629)

These flashcards cover key concepts, events, and figures from the reigns of James I and Charles I, focusing on their views on monarchy, relationships with Parliament, and significant political events.

What was James I's view on monarchy as expressed in his writings?

James I believed in the divine right of kings, stating that monarchs are appointed by God and responsible only to Him.

In which work did James I outline his beliefs about the divine right of kings?

Basilikon Doron and 'The True Law of Free Monarchies'.

What was the significance of the coronation oath taken by James I?

It required him to uphold the laws and customs of England.

Who was Robert Carr?

Robert Carr was one of James I's favorites who was involved in the Overbury Affair.

What was the Overbury Affair?

A scandal involving the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, a rival to Robert Carr, leading to Carr's downfall.

What position did George Villiers attain under James I?

He became the Duke of Buckingham and was a powerful figure at court.

What happened at the Hampton Court Conference of 1604?

It aimed to address Puritan concerns, but its outcomes were largely blocked by conservative bishops.

How did James I's treatment of Puritans reflect his religious policy?

He pursued a policy of moderation and compromise, allowing some coexistence with Anglican ministers.

What was the significance of the Petition of Religion presented to James I in 1610?

It identified a range of religious failings but resulted in no action from James.

How did James I respond to Catholicism during his reign?

He introduced the Oath of Allegiance, allowing Catholics to live in peace if they swore loyalty to the Crown.

What was the Gunpowder Plot of 1605?

An attempted assassination of James I by Catholic radicals aiming for a Catholic succession.

What financial challenges did James I face?

He inherited a significant debt and his attempts at reform were largely unsuccessful due to lack of cooperation from Parliament.

How did Charles I differ from James I in his approach to monarchy?

Charles I was less compromising, more absolute in his beliefs, and had a less approachable demeanor.

What was the Forced Loan introduced by Charles I?

A demand for loans from all individuals paying parliamentary taxes without Parliament's approval, seen as taxation without representation.

What was the outcome of the Petition of Right in 1628?

It established the need for parliamentary consent on taxation and other civil liberties, but it was disregarded by Charles.

What was the role of the Duke of Buckingham during Charles I's reign?

Buckingham was a favorite of Charles I who led significant military expeditions, both of which failed, causing criticism of the King.

What were the Three Resolutions passed by radical MPs in 1629?

They condemned the King's actions regarding Arminianism and the collection of Tonnage and Poundage without approval.

What led to the breakdown of relations between Charles I and Parliament?

Charles' refusal to compromise and his attempts to exert absolute power contributed to the increasing tensions.

Explain the concept of Divine Right and its impact on James I's reign.

Divine Right was the belief that kings were appointed by God. For James I, it justified his authority but did not completely alienate Parliament.

What was the outcome of the Statute of Monopolies in 1624?

It limited the monarch's right to grant monopolies, marking the first statutory limitation on royal prerogative.

How did Charles I's foreign policy impact his relationship with Parliament?

Failed foreign policy led to Parliament’s reluctance to grant funds, straining the relationship further.