Radiation Biology questions (book)

The latent period in radiation biology is the time between:

exposure to x-radiation and clinical symptoms

A free radical

a. is an uncharged molecule

b. has an unpaired electron in the outer shell

c. is highly reactive and unstable

d. combines with molecules to form toxins

e. all of the above

all of the above

Direct radiation injury occurs when

x-ray photons hit critical targets within a cell

Indirect radiation injury occurs when

x-ray photons hit the DNA of a cell

Which relationship describes the response of tissues to radiation?

a. linear

b. linear, threshold

c. linear, nonthreshold

d. nonlinear, nonthreshold

e. none of the above

linear, nonthreshold

Which factor(s) contributes to radiation injury?

a. total dose

b. dose rate

c. cell sensitivity

d. age

e. all of the above

all of the above

Radiation injuries that are not seen in the person

irradiated but that occur in future generations are

termedgenetic effects

genetic effects

Which is most susceptible to ionizing radiation?

small lymphocyte

The sensitivity of tissues to radiation is determined by:

a. mitotic activity

b. cell differentiation

c. cell metabolism

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

all of the above

Which is considered radioresistant?

a. immature reproductive cells

b. young bone cells

c. mature bone cells

d. epithelial cells

e. none of the above

mature bone cells

An organ that, if damaged, diminishes the quality of criticalan individual’s life is termed:

critical

The traditional unit for measuring x-ray exposure in

air is termed:

roentgen

Which radiation unit is determined by the quality

factor (QF)?

rem

The unit for measuring the absorption of x-rays is termed:

roentgen

Which conversion is correct?

a. 1 R = 2.58 × 10-4 C/kg

b. 1 rad = 0.1 Gy

c. 1 rem = 0.1 Sv

d. 1 Gy = 10 rad

e. 1 Sv = 10 rem

1 R = 2.58 × 10-4 C/kg

Which traditional unit does not have an SI

equivalent?

a. roentgen

b. rad

c. rem

d. quality factor

e. none of the above

quality factor

Which is used only for x-rays?

a. sievert

b. gray

c. rem

d. rad

e. roentgen

roentgen

Which conversion is correct?

a. 1 R = 2.58 × 10-4 C/kg

b. 1 Gy = 100 rad

c. 1 Sv = 100 rem

d. 1 rem = rad × QF

e. all of the above

all of the above

What is the approximate average dose of back-

ground radiation received by an individual in the

United States?

300 mrem/3.0 mSv

What is the greatest contributor to arti cial radiation exposure?

medical radiation

The amount of radiation exposure an individual receives varies depending on

all of the above

A single intraoral image using a digital sensor results in an effective exposure dose of:

0.020 mSv

What is the dose at which leukemia induction is most

likely to occur?

a. 500 mrad (0.005 Gy)

b. 1000 mrad (0.01 Gy)

c. 2000 mrad (0.02 Gy)

d. 5000 mrad (0.05 Gy)

e. none of the above

2000 mrad (0.02 Gy)