PR1 ♡ Nature of Inquiry and Research

Research

• an organized investigation and study of materials

• sources to create facts and reach new inferences

• solutions to improve the individual’s quality of life

Basic Research

• type of research that is a purely direct application

• develops the scientific theories to be more understandable to the readers

Applied Research

• type of research that needs an answer to a specific question

• provides solutions and validation in order to apply to the real setting

Characteristics, Processes, And Ethics In Research

• Empirical

• Systematic

• Controlled

• Employs Hypothesis

• Analytical

• Objective

• Original Work

Empirical

• based on observations and experiments of theories

Systematic

• follows orderly and sequential procedures

• based on valid procedures and principles

Controlled

• in research, all variables

  • except those that are tested/experimented on

  • are kept constant

Employs Hypothesis

• a search for facts, answers to questions and solutions to problems

Analytical

• shows analytical procedures

• in gathering the data, whether historical, descriptive, and or case study

Objective

• unbiased and logical

• all findings are logically based on real-life situations

Original Work

• requires its own examination

• produces the data needed to complete the study

Ethical Codes and Policies

• Honesty

• Objectivity

• Integrity

• Carefulness

• Openness

• Confidentiality

• Responsible Publication

• Responsible Mentoring

• Respect Colleagues

• Social Responsibility

• Non-Discrimination

• Legality

• Respect of Intellectual Property

• Human Subject

Honesty

• maintain all communication

• data should not be faked

Objectivity

• avoid biases in experimental designs, data analysis, interpretation, expert testimony, and other aspects of research

Integrity

• keep your promises and agreements

Carefulness

• avoid careless errors and negligence

Openness

• share data, results, ideas and tools

• be open to criticism and new ideas

Confidentiality

• protect confidential communication

Responsible Publication

• avoid duplicating publications

Responsible Mentoring

• help to educate, mentor, and advise others

Respect Colleagues

• treat all peers fairly

Social Responsibility

• strive to promote social good

• avoid social harm

Non-Discrimination

• avoid discrimination against colleagues or students

• on the basis of sex, races, ethnicity, and or others

Legality

• be informed and obey relevant laws

• institutional governmental policies

Respect of Intellectual Property

• given proper acknowledgment or credits to all researchers

Human Subject

• minimize risks that involve human lives, dignity, and privacy

Quantitative Research

• a positivist scientific method

• refers to a general set of orderly discipline procedures to acquire information

• numbers and measurement

Qualitative Research

• the “naturalistic method of research which deals with the concern of human difficulty by discovering it straightly.”

• experiences, understanding, and words of the individual