Anatomy Lab 1 (Anatomical Language and Organ Systems & Body Cavities)

Anatomical terms

describe body positions, body regions, specific body areas, and landmarks; most of these words are derived from Latin or Greek and are often part of the names of muscles, bones, nerves, and blood vessels

anatomical position

the reference position anatomists and people in medical fields use to describe the location of body parts or locations

anatomical position described

-body is erect (vertical)

-facing forward

-arms are straight

-arms are at the side of the body

-palms are facing forward

-legs are straight

-feet facing forward and flat

supine position

body is horizontal and lying on the back (up)

prone position

body is horizontal and lying on the stomach

body regions

specific areas of the body

main body regions

the head, neck, trunk, upper, and lower limbs

head contains

skull and neck

skull

cranial and facial bones

face

anterior portion of the head comprised of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and chin

neck

connects the head to the trunk

trunk consists of the

chest, abdomen, pelvis, back

chest

area between neck and diaphragm, contains the heart and lungs

abdomen

area between chest and hip bones, contain digestive organs

pelvis

area below abdomen that contains internal reproductive organs and urinary bladder

the back

Posterior portion of trunk between neck and buttocks

upper limb

shoulder, arm, forearm

shoulder

curved area where arm attaches to upper border of trunk

arm

area between shoulder and elbow

forearm

area between elbow and wrist

hand

wrist, palm, fingers

lower limb

the buttocks, groin, thigh, leg, foot

the buttocks

rounded area on posterior surface where thigh attaches to trunk

groin

area on anterior surface where lower limb attaches to pelvis

thigh

area of lower limb between the groin and knee

leg

area of lower limb between knee and ankle

foot

includes ankle, sole, toes

ante-

before or in front of

cubit-

elbow

-al, -ic, -ar, -ary

pertaining to; form adjectives

-um, -us, -is, -a

noun endings

stern-

word root meaning chest

sternum

noun for chest

sternal

adjective for chest

axial

pertaining to the central part of the body, the head, and trunk

cephalic

pertaining to the head

cranial

pertaining to the portion of the skull surrounding the brain

facial

pertaining to the face

frontal

pertaining to the forehead

orbital

pertaining to the eye

otic

pertaining to the ear

nasal

pertaining to the nose

buccal

pertaining to the cheek

oral

pertaining to the mouth

mental

pertaining to the chin

occipital

pertaining to the back of head

cervical

pertaining to the neck

thoracic

pertaining to the chest

sternal (anatomical term)

pertaining to the breast bone

pectoral

pertaining to the chest

mammary

pertaining to the breast

abdominal

pertaining to the abdomen

umbilical

pertaining to the navel

coxal

pertaining to the hip

pelvic

pertaining to the pelvis

pubic

pertaining to the genital area

dorsal

pertaining to the back

scapular

pertaining to the shoulder blade region

vertebral

pertaining to the spinal column

lumbar

pertaining to the area of the back between the lowest rib and buttocks

appendicular

pertaining to the extremities or limbs

acromial

pertaining to the highest point of the shoulder

axillary

pertaining to the armpit

brachial

pertaining to the arm

antecubital

pertaining to the anterior (front) surface of the elbow

olecranal

pertaining to the posterior (back) surface of the elbow

antebrachial

pertaining to the forearm

carpal

pertaining to the wrist

manual

pertaining to the hand

palmar

pertaining to the palm of the hand

digital (upper limb)

pertaining to the digits (fingers)

inguinal

pertaining to the groin where the thigh attaches to the pelvis

gluteal

pertaining to the buttocks

femoral

pertaining to the thigh

patellar

pertaining to the anterior (front) surface of the knee

popliteal

pertaining to the posterior (back) surface of the knee

crural

pertaining to the anterior (front) surface of the leg

fibular/peroneal

pertaining o the lateral side of the leg

sural

pertaining to the posterior (back) surface of the leg

tarsal

pertaining to the ankle

pedal

pertaining to the foot

plantar

pertaining to the sole of foot

calcaneal

pertaining to the heel

digital (lower limb)

pertaining to the digits (toes)

directional terms

are used to describe the location of body structures relative to other structures

superior

above

inferior

below

anterior (ventral)

closer to front of body

posterior (dorsal)

closer to back of body

medial

closer to midline of body

lateral

farther from midline of body

intermediate

between two structures

ipsilateral

on same side of body

contralateral

on opposite sides of body

proximal

nearer to point of attachment of limb to trunk

distal

farther from point of attachment of limb to trunk

superficial

closer to surface of body

deep

farther from surface of body

planes

flat surfaces that divide the body of organs in order to expose internal structures

sections

the exposed surfaces produced by planes