A10 - Self Stable

Adolescence

Puberty

the stage of physical development where individuals experience rapid physical growth and sexual maturation: 10-15yrs

Primary Sex Characteristics

Features that develop during puberty directly involved in reproduction

• testes

• ovaries

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Physical features that develop during puberty but are not directly involved in reproduction

• facial hair, chest

Menarche

milestone in female puberty: first occurrence of menstruation (period)

Spermarche

milestone in male puberty: first occurrence of ejaculation

Menopause

end of female reproductive capacity: no more periods

Parallel Play

a stage in child development where children play alongside each other without interacting directly: 2-3 yrs

Pretend Play

a stage in child development where children use imagination to create scenarios, often involving role-playing and make-believe elements: 3-4 years.

Imaginary Audience

tendency of early adolescents to believe they are the focus of others' attention and scrutiny, = self-consciousness & social anxiety

Personal Fable

tendency of early adolescents to believe their experiences and feelings are unique/no one can understand them (often contributes to a sense of invulnerability)

Social Clock

the expected timing of life's major events, such as marriage and parenthood, influencing an individual's behavior and self-perception.

Emerging Adulthood

a developmental stage between adolescence and full-fledged adulthood characterized by exploration and transition (18-25/ college)

Psychosocial Stages of Development

Eric Erikson stages of development

8: each stage has a “crisis” that is overcome or becomes a burden

1. Trust and Mistrust 

2. Autonomy and Shame and Doubt 

3. Initiative and Guilt 

4. Industry and Inferiority 

5. Identity and Role Confusion 

6. Intimacy and Isolation 

7. Generativity and Stagnation 

8. Integrity and Despair

Trust & Mistrust

0-1yrs → blanket: saftey vs fear, leading to secure attachment

Autonomy & Shame & Doubt

1-3 yrs → potty training: child either feels they can control their body or feels shame & doubt

Initiative & Guilt

3-6 yrs → looking glass: child either feels they can control their environment or not (in play etc)

Industry & Inferiority

6-12 yrs → school age: child either feels competent in skills and abilities or inferior to peers.

Identity & Role Confusion

12-18 yrs → adolescence: ppl either develop a strong sense of self and personal identity or faces confusion regarding their role in society (normal time for experimentation)

• this stage is essential for success in the subsequent stages

Intimacy & Isolation

18-40 yrs → young adulthood: individuals either form deep, meaningful relationships or experience loneliness and isolation.

Generativity & Stagnation

40-65 yrs → middle adulthood: individuals either contribute to society through meaningful work and care for others or feel a lack of purpose and stagnation.

Integrity & Despair

65+ yrs → late adulthood: individuals reflect on their lives, feeling a sense of fulfillment and integrity or experiencing regret and despair over unachieved goals.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Identity

is a crucial stage in which individuals develop a sense of self and personal beliefs, often influenced by relationships and experiences during adolescence.

Achievement (of Identity)

Diffusion (of Identity)

Foreclosure (of Identity)

Traits

The Big Five Theory

A model that identifies five core dimensions of personality: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (Costa and McCrae)

openness

The Big Five Theory (Costa and McCrae):

conscientiousness

The Big Five Theory (Costa and McCrae):

extraversion

The Big Five Theory (Costa and McCrae):

agreeableness

The Big Five Theory (Costa and McCrae):

neuroticism

The Big Five Theory (Costa and McCrae):

Personality Inventories

Factor Analysis

Reciprocal Determinism