Fungal, Protozoal, and Chemotherapy- CH.11-14

Fungal, Protozoal, and Chemotherapy Pharmacology: Key Drugs and Concepts

What structural component is unique to fungi and is targeted by anti-fungals ?

Ergosterol

Which systemic anti-fungal is highly nephrotoxic

Amphotericin B

What is the Prototype topical anti-fungal commonly used for candida infections?

Nystatin

Why are elderly patients more prone to antifungal toxicity?

Decline in renal and hepatic function

Why should oral azoles be taken with caution in liver disease?

Risk of hepatotoxicity

What nursing instructions should be given for topical antifungal creams?

Apply a thin layer and continue to use even if symptoms improve

What vector transmits malaria?

Female Anopheles mosquito

Which anti-malarial prevents heme, metabolism, and parasites?

Chloroquine

Name one protozoal infection transmitted sexually.

Trichomoniasis

Which drug is used to treat Trichomonas, Giardia, and Amoeba?

Metronidazole

Why is prophylaxis important in a malaria-endemic region?

Prevents symptomatic infection and spread

What is the prototype drug for treating nematodes?

Mebendazole

How does mobendazole kill worms?

Inhibits glucose uptake

What hygiene measure is crucial to prevent reinfection with worms?

Handwashing and household treatment.

Which stool findings indicate persistent helminth (Worm) infection?

Eggs and larvae

What is cancer characterized by?

Uncontrolled proliferation and Metastasis.

Which anti-neoplastic interferes with folate metabolism?

Methotrexate

Which mitotic inhibitor is derived from periwinkle plant?

Vincristine

What is a major adverse effect of most chemotherapy drugs?

Bone marrow suppression (myelosuppression)

Which hormone antagonist is used for estrogen-positive breast cancer?

Tamoxifen

What PPE should nurses use when handling chemotherapy drugs?

Gloves, Gown, Eye/Face Protection, Mask/Respirator.

Which lab value must be monitored closely during chemotherapy?

CBC (Complete Blood Count).

What teaching point should be emphasized to a neutropenic patients?

Avoid crowds and sick contacts.

Which anti-neoplastic intercalates DNA and is cardiogenic?

Doxorubicin

What is the prototype drug for treating nematodes?

Mebendazole.