Chp 1: Anthropology: Asking Questions about Humanity

Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism

________- assuming ones own way of doing things is correct, while simply dismissing other peoples assumptions as wrong or ignorant.

culture, cultural relativism, diversity, change, and holism

All anthropologists recognize the importance of the following concepts: __________.

Diversity

________- the sheer variety of ways of being human around the world.

Anthropological publications

________ avoid sharing confidential information and often disguise informants identities, in case those individuals could be targeted for harm because of what they say.

Anthropologists

________ use a range of techniques for gathering and processing data.

Natural selection

________- a process through which certain inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are better suited to the environment.

multiplicity

Defined anthropologically: ________ and variety, which is not the same as difference.

Ethics

________ in anthropology- the moral principles that guide anthropological conduct.

comparative method

The ________ allows anthropologists to derive insights from careful comparisons of two or more cultures or societies.

behavioral characteristics

All humans share basic biological and ________ that make such extraordinary adaptability possible.

Archaeology

________- the study of past cultures, by excavating sites where people lived, worked, farmed, or conducted some other activity.

Holism

________- the effort to synthesize these distinct approaches and findings into a single comprehensive explanation.

Darwin

________ believed that the question of the origin of species was not a religious one but an empirical one.

Anthropological research

________ suggests practical solutions to many real- world social problems.

19th century

They were pioneers in the study of human variation, but they were NOT anthropologists, and the discipline of anthropologists did not emerge until the ________.

Linguistic anthropology

________- the study of how people communicate with one another through language and how language use shapes group membership and identity.

Industrialization

________- the economic process of shifting from an agricultural economy to a factory- based one.

ethnographic method

The ________ involves prolonged and intensive observation of and participation in the life of a community.

Empirical

________- verifiable through observation rather than through logic or theory.

Evolution

________- the adaptive changes organisms make across generations.

primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists

The ________ is to the people, species, or artifacts that they study.

Biological anthropologists

________ explore human evolution, health and disease, and the behavior of nonhuman primates.

complexity of human experience

Provides a framework for asking questions about and grasping the ________, both past, and present.

American Anthropological Associations Code of Ethics

As in medicine,"Do no harm "is a foundational principle of the ________.

Anthropology

________- the study of human beings, their biology, their prehistory and histories, and their changing languages, cultures, and social institutions.

Scientific method

________- the most basic pattern of scientific research.