organic compounds that provide long- term energy storage in living organisms; includes fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
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Aldehyde
a substituted hydrocarbon in which the replacement by an oxygen atom of a pair of hydrogen atoms at the end of a hydrocarbon chain forms a carbonyl group (C= O)
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Alcohol
a substituted hydrocarbon in which a hydroxyl group (OH) replaces a hydrogen atom.
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Structural formula
a drawing depicting the composition and arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
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Ketone
a substituted hydrocarbon in which a pair of hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom other than those at the end of the carbon chain are replaced by an oxygen atom, forming a carbonyl group (C= O)
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Carbohydrate
an organic compound comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that is the basic energy source for living organisms.
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Hydrocarbon
an organic compound consisting of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
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Isomer
any of a group of compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures.
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Amino acid
a class of organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins.
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Polymer
a large molecule formed by linking smaller molecules, called monomers.
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Benzene
a six- carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon ring with the electrons from the C- C bonds equally distributed among the carbon atoms.
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Nucleic acid
________: a biochemical polymer that encodes, stores, and provides instructions for cellular processes.
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Protein
the building block for muscle, blood, skin, and hair in humans and animals.
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single bonds
Saturated hydrocarbon: a hydrocarbon that has only ________ between its carbon atoms.
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Organic chemistry
the study of the composition, structure, and properties of carbon- containing compounds.
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Monomer
a simple molecule that can link with other monomers to form large molecules called polymers.
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Nucleotide
any of a group of biochemical molecules that act as the monomers to make ________.
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organic chemistry
the study of the composition, structure, and properties of carbon-containing compounds
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organic compound
a covalently bonded compound containing carbon
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branched chain
an organic molecule with carbon atoms connected to each other in such a way as to create more than one chain of carbons
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straight chain
an organic molecule consisting of a single continuous series of any number of carbon atoms bonded to each other
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ring
an organic molecule made by connecting the two ends of a carbon chain
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hydrocarbon
an organic compound consisting of only hydrogen ad carbon atoms
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structural formula
a drawing depicting the composition and arrangement of atoms in a molecule
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saturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon that has only single bonds between its carbon atoms
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unsaturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon that has at least one double or triple bond between its carbon atoms
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aromatic hydrocarbon
an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene structure
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benzene
a six-carbon unsaturated hydrocarbon ring with the electrons from the C-C bonds equally distributed among the carbon atoms
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isomer
any of a group of compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures
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substituted hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with another atom or group of atoms
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functional group
an atom or group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom to form a substituted hydrocarbon
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alcohol
a substituted hydrocarbon in which a hydroxyl group (OH) replaces a hydrogen atom
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Typical Properties
higher boiling points and greater solubility
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Name
alcohols identified by the -ol ending
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aldehyde
a substituted hydrocarbon in which the replacement by an oxygen atom of a pair of hydrogen atoms at the end of a hydrocarbon chain forms a carbonyl group (C=O)
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Typical Properties
vary depending on the hydrocarbon to which the carbonyl group is attached
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ketone
a substituted hydrocarbon in which a pair of hydrogen atoms bonded to a carbon atom other than those at the end of the carbon chain are replaced by an oxygen atom, forming a carbonyl group (C=O)
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Typical Properties
greater solubility in water than their unsubstituted counterparts
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Name
ketones identified by the -one ending
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polymer
a large molecule formed by linking smaller molecules, called monomers
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monomer
a simple molecule that can link with other monomers to form large molecules called polymers
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carbohydrate
an organic compound comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that is the basic energy source for living organisms
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protein
a biochemical polymer made of amino acids
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amino acid
a class of organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins
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lipid
organic compounds that provide long-term energy storage in living organisms; includes fats, oils, waxes, and steroids
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nucleic acid
a biochemical polymer that encodes, stores, and provides instructions for cellular processes
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nucleotide
any of a group of biochemical molecules that act as the monomers to make nucleic acids
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organic compound
a covalently bonded compound containing carbon
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branched chain
an organic molecule with carbon atoms connected to each other in such a way as to create more than one chain of carbons
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straight chain
an organic molecule consisting of a single continuous series of any number of carbon atoms bonded to each other
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ring
an organic molecule made by connecting the two ends of a carbon chain
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saturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon that has only single bonds between its carbon atoms
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unsaturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon that has at least one double or triple bond between its carbon atoms
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aromatic hydrocarbon
an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one benzene structure
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substituted hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced with another atom or group of atoms
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functional group
an atom or group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom to form a substituted hydrocarbon
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