Experience 4: Comparing Metals and Nonmetals

the ability to be drawn into wires

ductility

the ability to be hammered or pressed into shapes

malleability

a material's ability to conduct heat

thermal conductivity

a material's ability to conduct electricity

electrical conductivity

the way light interacts with a material's surface

luster

an irregularity within a crystal that occurs at a point on the lattice

point defect

mixtures of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal

alloy

in metals, including zinc, electrons are not __________ to individual atoms. Instead, they move around ___________, holding them together in a ________________ structure

bound; freely

crystalline

a sea of valence electrons allows metals to be _________________ ________ wire or ______________ without breaking

Ionic compounds __________ behave the same way

squeezed into; hammered

DON'T

Drifting electrons insulate metal cations from each other. When metal is forced through a die, the cations easily slide past one another, allowing the metal to be formed into wire. What is this an example of?

ductility

When pressure is applied to a metal, the cations can easily change position, so the metal changes shape without breaking. What is this an example of?

malleability

Applying pressure to an ionic compound tends to push the ions close together. The positive ions ________ each other, and the crystal ______________

repel

shatters

Because electrons can move around, they conduct heat more easily than ______ solids or _____________ ____________ solids.

ionic solids or covalent network solids

The delocalized electrons in metals can easily move, making metals __________ ________________ than ionic solids

more conductive

In a(n) _______________ defect, extra atoms are stuck where they don't belong

interstitial defect

In a(n) _______________ defect, different atoms take the place of existing atoms in the crystal lattice

substitution defect

In a(n) _______________ defect, atoms are missing from the lattice structure

vacancy defect

the tension on the surface of a water drop

surface tension

a substance that reduces surface tension and increases wetting

surfactant

in any solution, the dissolving medium is called the _______________

solvent

the dissolved particles (usually ions, but also polar molecules) are called the _______________

solute

the process of ion capture by the solvent is called _______________

solvation

a solution where water is the solvent

aqueous solution

a compound that conducts electric current when dissolved in an aqueous solution or in the molten state

electrolyte

a compound that does not conduct electric current in either an aqueous solution or in the molten state

nonelectrolyte

a solid, crystalline compound that contains water molecules as an integral part of its crystal structure

hydrate

the loss of water by a hydrate

efflorescence

a chamber used for maintaining a dry environment in chemistry labs

desiccator

because water is a polar molecule, its molecules are ________________ to each other

_______________ bonds hold water molecules together

attracted

hydrogen bonds

unbalanced forces pulling inward on a drop of water cause it to _________________ the amount of surface area by beading up on some surfaces

minimize

a molecule at the ___________ of the drop will experience only attractive forces from below. Because these attractive forces are ________________ there is a net pull on the molecule into the drop

surface

unbalanced

a molecule in the ____________ of the drop will experience attractive forces from all sides. Because these attractive forces are ______________, there is no net pull on the molecule

middle

balanced

the rate at which a solute dissolves

dissolution rate

contains the maximum amount of solute for a given quantity of solvent at a constant temperature and pressure

saturated solution

the amount of solute that dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent at a specified temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution

solubility

a graph of the solubility as a function of temperature

solubility curve

areas in the ocean where the oxygen concentration is so low that animal life suffocates

hypoxic zones

contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature

supersaturated solution

solutions are called ____________________ _______________ because they have a uniform appearance and composition

homogeneous mixtures

_____________________ _______________ are not uniform in composition and are not considered solutions

heterogeneous mixtures

a heterogeneous mixture containing particles, called the dispersed phase, that are spread throughout another substance, called the dispersion medium

a colloid

a heterogeneous mixture from which particles settle out upon standing

suspension

in a solution, individual molecules and ions of the solute and solvent are _________ ________________

mixed together

most ____________ contain charged particles of clumped molecules or ions that are spread throughout the dispersion medium

colloids

a ________________ is a mixture from which particles settle out upon standing

suspension

when light scatters by particles in a colloid or in a very fine suspension

Tyndall effect

when a beam from a flashlight is directed on beakers known to contain a colloid, a suspension, and solution, which of the following will not exhibit the Tyndall effect?

the solution

Metals are ___________, and can be drawn into a wire.

A. Conductive

B. Malleable

C. Magnetic

D. Ductile

D. Ductile

______________ describes the way a substance reflects light, or SHINES.

A. Magnetism

B. Brittleness

C. Luster

D. Ductility

C. Luster

_______________ describes how well the substance can be hammered into sheets.

A. Malleability

B. Conductivity

C. Ductility

D. Luster

A. Malleability

If a substance breaks easily, it is said to be ________________.

A. Magnetic

B. Conductive

C. Brittle

D. Ductile

C. Brittle

Metalloids are the best conductors of electricity

A. True B. False

B. False

Nonmetals are usually GOOD conductors of heat and electricity.

A. True B. False

B. False

Nonmetals are not attracted to magnets.

A. True B. False

A. True

Metals are the most conductive elements on the Periodic Table.

A. True B. False

A. True

Metals can be drawn into a wire.

A. True B. False

A. True

Metals lack luster, are brittle, and do not conduct electricity.

A. True B. False

B. False

If a substance breaks easily, it is said to be ________________.

A. Magnetic

B. Conductive

C. Brittle

D. Ductile

C. Brittle

Metals are usually silver-grey in color.

A. True B. False

true

Metals usually have high melting points.

A. True B. False

t

Metals are soft and bend or break easily.

A. True B. False

f

Which of these grouping of elements could have the characteristic of luster ?

Metal

Nonmetal

metalloids

Both metals and metalloids

Both metals and metalloids

Which of these is a property of metals?

It's malleable

It can't conduct electricity

They are used in food

It's very brittle

It's malleable

Brittle

Metal

Nonmetal

Nonmetal

All of the following would classify an element as a metal except?

Dull

Luster

Malleable

Hard

Dull

Iron is a good conductor, malleable and magnetic. What type of element is Iron?

Metal

Nonmetal

Metalloid

Pretty

Metal

A student is given a sample of an unknown substance. He is asked to determine if it is classified as a metal, a metalloid, or a nonmetal. He discovered that the unknown element conducted some heat and electricity, had a shiny luster, and broke easily. This element is most likely a

metal

nonmetal

metalloid

cannot be determined

metalloid

Which table below correctly lists the properties of metals and nonmetals? *

A

B

C

D

answer

d

Which of the following is a property of a non-metal?

Conducts electricity and heats well

Can be hammered into thin sheets

Is brittle and breaks easily

Has a shiny, metallic luster

Is brittle and breaks easily

All of the following are properties used to classify elements as metals, non-metals, and metalloids EXCEPT —

texture

conductivity

luster

malleability

texture

A student tested the conductivity of four elements using an incomplete electrical circuit. When the element is placed in the circuit, the bulb lights up brightly, lights up dimly, or does not light up at all based on the element's ability to conduct electricity. The table below shows the results of her investigation. Based on the results of the conductivity test, which element is classified as a metal?

Hydrogen

Arsenic

Krypton

Copper

answer

copper

Which of the following correctly lists the three main groups of elements from greatest conductivity to least conductivity?

Nonmetals -metalloids-metals

metals-nonmetals-metalloids

metalloids-metals-nonmetals

metals-metalloids-nonmetals

metals-metalloids-nonmetals

The table shows the properties of four elements. Which element in the table is classified as a metal?

Manganese

Sulfur

Silicon

Neon

answer

manganese

Silicon is a semiconductor and has properties of both metals and nonmetals. What type of element is Silicon?

Metal

Nonmetal

Metalloid

Pretty

Metalloid

´Elizabeth was examining elements and their physical properties. She described an element is her science journal as having no shine, an insulator, and very brittle. What would this element be: a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?

metal

nonmetal

metalloid

nonmetal

If a substance is magnetic it is most likely a

metal

non-metal

metal

Fe-Ca-Cu

metal

metalloids

non metal

metal

Boron- Silicon

metal

metalloids

non metal

metalloids

N- O-H-He

metal

metalloids

non metal

non metal

As conductors of heat and electricity metals are:

Good conductors

Semi-conductors

Poor conductors

Good conductors

As conductors of heat and electricity non metals are:

Good conductors

Semi-conductors

Poor conductors

Poor conductors

As conductors of heat and electricity metalloids are:

Good conductors

Semi-conductors

Poor conductors

Semi-conductors

Have luster/shiny -- metals:

Have luster

Some like metals some

like non metals

dull

Have luster

Have luster/shiny -- non metals:

Have luster

Some like metals some

like non metals

dull

dull

Have luster/shiny -- metalloids:

Have luster

Some like metals some

like non metals

dull

Some like metals some

like non metals

Other properties of metals:

1. Malleable

Ductile

High density

2.Some like metals some

like non metals

3. Solids are brittle

Low density

1. Malleable

Ductile

High density

Other properties of nonmetals:

1. Malleable

Ductile

High density

2.Some like metals some

like non metals

3. Solids are brittle

Low density

3. Solids are brittle

Low density

Other properties of metalloids:

1. Malleable

Ductile

High density

2.Some like metals some

like non metals

3. Solids are brittle

Low density

2.Some like metals some

like non metal