Animal Reproduction

Examples of some animals that reproduce asexually:

sponger (porifera), jellyfish & corals (cnidarians), flatorms (platythelminths), worms & leeches (annelids), and starfish (echinoderms)

Hydras can reproduce by producing an outgrowth …. of the parent

bud

Faltworms reproduce by …

splitting in half

Parthogenesis

growth of an embryo from an unfertilized eggs and develops into complete indiviual (e.g. algae, invertebrates, some plants)

Fertilization can be …. or …

external (fish, amphibians) or internal

Gametes are produced in…

gonads

Testes produce…. and ovaries produce …

sperm, eggs

Copulation

male and female coming together to reproduce

Broadcast spawning

• higher genetic diversity

• allows for colonization in new environments and fertilization of sessile aquatic organisms (sponges)

• very few offspring due to preadators

Internal Fertilization advantages

• protects fertilized eggs from dehydration

• limits predation

• enhances the fertilization by a specific male

• higher survival rate

Dioecious (most animals)

separate sexes, high mobility to find opposite sex

Monoecious/ Hermaphroditic (one gender/single sex)

worms, snails, and slug

Insects produce eggs in …

ovaries

---

is stored food to be using during development

yolk

Reptiles and birds are …… where does development take place?

oviparous - lays eggs with plenty of yolk, development occurs within the shelled egg

Mammals are ….

viviparous - live born

Placental mammals

develops in uterus with umbilical cord, eliminate need for shelled egg

Other are ….. which means?

Ovovivparous - release their eggs young then they fend for themselves, no direct nourishment from mother or father

Sperm is produced in…. matures within… and propelled into the….

testes, epididmyis, vas deferens (by muscular contractions)

3 places of mature sperm:

1. Head - the DNA acrosome (enzymes to penetrate egg)

2. Midpiece - neck, contains mitochondria

   1. Fkagellum - tail

What is spermatogenesis and what does it go from and too?

production of sperm, diploid cells, meiosis

The hypothalamus has ultimate control of …..1

testicular sexual function

Testosterone

produced in testes