INTERNATIONAL STYLE AND MODERNISM + CONTEMP ARCH

minimalist

simple, clean, and hasopen spaces

Flat roof

not sloped

Open floor plans

has spacious interiors

Neutral colors

4. Neutral colors- clean and modern look

reinforced concrete

has concrete and steel together- the

steel is added for more strength

slab- flat surface for floor and roof

beam and columns- they are used to

support the concrete

bauhaus movement- founded in 1989 by

Walter Gropius

glass curtain wall- it allows natural

light to come in

Open plan- has a free flowing space

Asymmetry & simplicity- clean and

geometric style

CIAM (Congrès internationaux

d’architecture moderne)

glass curtain wall- it allows natural

light to come in

Open plan- has a free flowing space

Asymmetry & simplicity- clean and

geometric style

LE CORBUSIER

roof gardens- has flat roofs and are

used for gardens or terraces

open floor plan- fewer walls

free facade- walls are not load bearing

for bigger window

sustainability

uses eco-friendly materials

Smart buildings

useS a lot of technology

mixed used spaces

space you can use for multiple things (ex.BGC - 1st floor: commercial - 2nd-4thfloor: offices ; next floors residential

Glass & steel

uses a lot of transparent and reflective materials

Open concept

few barriers in between spaces

Asymmetry-

uses irregular shapes

POST MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE

asymmetry- the buildings are not

perfectly balanced and straight

mixed styles- has a combination of the

old and new architectural styles

playful design- creative, and has

exaggerated shapes

Philip Johnson

• father of international style was an American architect and critic known both for his promotion of the International Style and, later, for his role in defining postmodernist architecture.

• Johnson, who continued to design into the early 21st century, received several awards, including the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal (1978) and the first Pritzker Architecture Prize (1979) and In 1991, Johnson received the Golden Plate Award from the American Academy of Achievement.

• The Glass House

Paul Marvin Rudolph

• known for use of reinforced concrete and highly complex form

• He was an American architect and the chair of Yale University's Department of Architecture for six years, known for his use of reinforced concrete and highly complex floor plans.

• Rudolph received a bachelor’s degree in architecture from Alabama Polytechnic Institute in 1940 and received a master’s degree at Harvard University,

• Hiss Residence

Richard Neutra

• He was an Austrian-American architect. Living and building for most of his career in Southern California, he came to be considered a prominent and important modernist architect

• Richard Neutra was a notable mid-century modern architect known for designing homes such as the Kauffman Desert House, Lovell Health House, and many others. His work is widely published, and the photographs of his buildings often define mid-century modern architecture.

• In 1929, he was commissioned to design the Lovell Health House in Los Angeles, this design marks his early success and rise to fame.

• Lovell House

Seagram Building by Luwig Mies van Der Rohe

• The Seagram Building is a skyscraper, located at 375 Park Avenue, between 52nd Street and 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The structure was designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe while the lobby and other internal aspects were designed by Philip Johnson .

• The elements of the building, The 38-story structure combines a steel moment frame and a steel and reinforced concrete core for lateral stiffness. The concrete core shear walls extend up to the 17th floor, and diagonal core bracing (shear trusses) extends to the 29th floor.

• The characteristics of The Seagram Building is a bronze-clad skyscraper in New York.

Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier

• Villa Savoye is proof that not all international-style buildings need to be towering skyscrapers. Designed in 1928 by Swiss architect Le Corbusier, Villa Savoye is an iconic building for the international style of modernist architecture.

• Elements is elevated above a lush meadow and a nearby

forest.

• Influence- He drew inspiration from the geometry of ancient Greek and Roman structures. At the same time, however, he was proudly living in the machine age, and looked to cars, ocean liners, factories, and even grain silos as more sources of influence.

• The characteristics include an open floor plan, a concrete pillar construction frame, a rooftop garden, a lack of ornamented facade, and horizontal windows on all sides.

Willis Tower by Fazlur Rahman Khan

• tallest skyscraper in Chicago

• as the tubular design conceived by structural engineer and architect

• Fazlur Rahman Khan (1929-1982). The observation deck on top of the tower is the tallest in the country and is visited by over a million people a year.

• Elements- The Willis Tower uses a frame structure made of steel columns and concrete slabs. The facade uses a non-load-bearing curtain wall system. This means the curtain wall modules are anchored to the building's structural frame, typically by being attached to the edge of the floor slabs.

• Influence- The Willis Tower influenced architecture and engineering by pioneering the "bundled tube" structural system, enabling the construction of taller, more stable skyscrapers. Its minimalist modernist design inspired future skyscrapers and its efficient use of materials set new standards for engineering.

• Characteristics - Willis Tower is the twelfth-tallest building in the world; it is the third tallest building in the North America and the Western Hemisphere, standing 1,450 feet and 110 stories tall.

Jeanne Gang

• FIRST WOMAN ARCHITECTURE TO WIN CHARLOTTE PERRIAND AWARD She is an American architect and the founder and leader of Studio Gang (established in 1997), an architecture and urban design practice with offices in Chicago, New York, San Francisco, and Paris.

• In 2018, she was elected an International Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), a lifetime honor.

• In 2023, Jeanne Gang received the Charlotte Perriand Award, making her the first woman architect to win this prestigious honor. This award recognizes architects whose work enhances the quality of life through design.

• Studio Gang has helped reshape the city with projects such as the 82- story, ripple-skinned Aqua Tower, a nature boardwalk at the Lincoln Park Zoo, and a pair of boathouses along the Chicago River, the latest in a series of steps to transform the neglected riverfront into a recreational area

• Aqua Tower

Renzo Piano

• He is an Italian architect and was born into a family of builders in the Italian port city of Genoa in 1937His notable buildings include the Kansai International Airport in Osaka (1994), the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City (2015), İstanbul Modern in Istanbul (2022)

• He won the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 1998.

• Renowned architect Renzo Piano has won many architecture awards, most notably the Pritzker Prize, the AIA Gold Medal, and the Sonning Prize. The Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW), based in Genoa, Paris, and New York, employs more than a hundred architects, engineers, and building specialists.

• Piano’s design for the Shard (2012), formerly known as London Bridge Tower, was given its nickname—which eventually became its official name— because of its sharply tapered glass facade. The mixed-use building rose 1,017 feet (310 metres) above street level, making it the tallest building in western Europe upon its completion

The Shard

Frank Lloyd Wright

• World's greatest organic architect

• He was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator.

• He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key role in the architectural movements of the twentieth century, influencing architects worldwide through his works and mentoring hundreds of apprentices in his Taliesin Fellowship.

• In 2019, a selection of his work became a listed World Heritage Site as The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright.

• Frank Lloyd Wright was a great originator and a highly productive architect. He designed some 800 buildings, of which 380 were built

Price Tower

Acropolis Museum by

Bernard Tschumi

is a museum in Athens, Greece, designed by architect Bernard Tschumi, that showcases artifacts from the Acropolis and surrounding archaeological sites. Opened in 2009, the museum features modern design elements and emphasizes transparency and light, allowing visitors to engage with the history and architecture of the Acropolis.

Aqua tower by Jeanne Gang

• Designed by Jeanne Gang of Studio Gang Architects, the Aqua Tower in Chicago is a remarkable architectural structure. Its distinctive, flowing shape makes it one of the city's most recognizable structures.

• Elements- is renowned for its undulating, wave-like façade that evokes natural forms like rolling hills and ocean waves. Its design incorporates expansive terraces and balconies, offering both aesthetic appeal and outdoor space.

• Influence -The Aqua Tower’s design is influenced by nature, environmental sustainability, and urban context. Its wave-like, undulating form draws inspiration from natural elements such as ocean waves and geological formations. The building responds to the local climate with energy-efficient features and incorporates modernist and organic architecture principles, focusing on harmony with the environment.

• Characters- It prioritizes sustainability with energy-efficient features, such as terraces that provide shade and reduce heat absorption. The tower is a multi-functional, mixed-use building with residential, hotel, and commercial spaces, offering dynamic urban living

The Gherkin by Norman Foster, Ken Shuttlewort

• This contemporary building is a commercial skyscraper in London’s primary financial district. The Gherkin,” which comes from its shape beingsimilar to a gherkin fruit

• officially known as 30 St Mary Axe, is one of London’s most iconic skyscrapers, designed by Norman Foster and completed in 2004. Its distinct design and architectural elements make it stand out.

• elements- Is known for its distinctive conical shape and glass façade. Designed with sustainability in mind, it features natural ventilation, energy-efficient systems, and rainwater collection

• Characters- It has a glass and steel diagrid facade. The frame of the Gherkin is constructed from a series of diagonally interlocking steel beams that make a series of triangular prisms on the building's facade.

• Influence- The Gherkin has influenced modern architecture with its sustainable features, unique spiral shape, and use of smart building technology. It set a standard for energy-efficient design and inspired more organic skyscraper forms