Industrial Revolution

Capital

Money or wealth used to invest in business or enterprise

Industrial Revolution

Period beginning in the 1700s in which production shifted from simple hand tools to complex machinery and sources of energy shifted from human or animal power to steam and electricity

James Watt

Worked on his steam engine. It had a separate condenser that helped keep steam from escaping.

Eli Whitney

Invented the cotton gin, which revolutionized the textile industry and helped the South's economy

enterprise

Business organization in such areas as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural area to cities

Labor Union

Organization of workers who bargain for better pay and working conditions

Socialism

System in which the people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses

Communism

A political and economic system in which government owns all property and makes all economic decisions

Means of Production

Farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produce and distribute goods

Thomas Edison

He patented 1,093 inventions and improvements in several industries, including telecommunications, electric power, mining, sound recording, automotive, military defense, and motion pictures.

Orville and Wilbur Right

Used their knowledge of science and their experience in mechanics to create the first flying machine. After nearly 1,000 flights in gliders and testing in wind tunnels, the brothers built a powered plane. On December 17, 1903, the brothers tested their machine at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The first flight lasted 12 seconds; the longest flight that day lasted 59 seconds.

Guglielmo Marconi

He transmitted a wireless signal across the Atlantic ocean for a distance of 2,100 miles. He continued to study waves, which resulted in a beam system for long distance communication, the first microwave radio, and the principles of radar

Assembly Line

A production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks

Corporation

A business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment

Womens suffrage

Right of women to vote

Romanticism

19th-century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason

Impressionism

School of painting of the late 1800s and early 1900s that tried to capture fleeting visual impressions

Realism

19th-century artistic movement whose aim was to represent the world as it is

Temperance movement

Campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages