Pat-Lab midterm flashcard

0.0(0)
Studied by 0 people
call kaiCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/9

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

病理實驗期中考點

Last updated 12:16 PM on 3/28/26
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced
Call with Kai

No analytics yet

Send a link to your students to track their progress

10 Terms

1
New cards
term image

V-5 神經母細胞瘤 (Neuroblastoma)

  • 器官:腎上腺。

  • 特徵:結節狀分佈,強烈藍白對比。

  • 細胞小藍圓細胞 (Small blue round cells) 散佈在粉色絲狀的神經氈 (Neuropil) 背景中。

  • 關鍵字:

    • The third most common childhood neoplasm

    • adrenal gland (40%)

    • Related to stage, age, histologic grade, diploid DNA value, MYCN gene amplification

    • Neuropil (+), <5% differentiating neuroblasts → Poorly differentiated

2
New cards
term image

V-6 腎母細胞瘤 (Wilms' tumor)

  • 器官:腎臟(可見被壓迫發炎的腎小管/腎絲球)。

  • 特徵:典型的三相變化 (Triphasic pattern)

    1. 胚芽 (Blastemal):未分化小藍圓細胞。

    2. 上皮 (Epithelial):腺體管腔或花圈狀結構。

    3. 間質 (Stromal):呈束狀的梭狀細胞與黏液背景。

  • 關鍵字:

    • most common primary renal tumor of childhood

    • Beckwith-Wiedemann, Denys-Drash and WAGR syndrome

    • WT1 mutation

    • most important unfavourable factors of Prognosis are high stage and the presence of anaplasia

3
New cards
term image

V-7 肝母細胞瘤 (Hepatoblastoma, Fetal subtype)

  • 器官:肝臟。

  • 特徵:腫瘤細胞呈實心巢狀或薄板狀排列。

  • 關鍵觀察:特徵性的明暗相間區帶 (Dark-light zonation) 以及類竇狀隙通道。

  • 關鍵字:

    • Wnt pathway activation in 70-90% due to CTNNB1 (β catenin) mutation

4
New cards
term image

V-8 橫紋肌肉瘤 (Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal/botryoid)

  • 器官:膀胱等生殖泌尿道。

  • 特徵:上皮下方有細胞極度密集的 Cambium layer (形成層)

  • 細胞:細胞疏鬆與密集區交錯,具有往骨骼肌分化的梭狀細胞,可見變異有絲分裂。

  • 關鍵字:

    • Skeletal muscle differentiation is confirmed by immunohistochemical expression of desmin, myogenin, and/or MYOD1.

5
New cards

S-6 & S-7 血管平滑肌脂肪瘤 (Angiomyolipoma, AML)

  • 特性:良性腫瘤,與正常腎組織界線明顯。

  • 三大成分

    • 異常增厚的血管 (Angio)(thick-walled blood vessels)

    • 長束/梭狀平滑肌細胞 (Myo)(smooth muscle cells)

    • 成熟脂肪組織 (Lipoma)(Mature adipose tissue)

  • 關鍵字:

    • Usually sporadic; in a minority of cases it may be identified in patients with tuberous sclerosis.

    • Presence in 25-50% of tuberous sclerosis patients

    • Loss-of-function mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 genes

6
New cards

S-8 嗜酸細胞瘤 (Oncocytoma)

  • 特性:良性腎臟上皮腫瘤。

  • 特徵:細胞大且圓,胞質充滿嗜酸性顆粒 (大量粒線體,呈紅紅一片),細胞排列成巢狀 (Nested structure)

  • 關鍵觀察:血管周圍常因缺血產生退化性改變 (Degenerative change),出現深染、形狀不規則的變異細胞核。

  • 關鍵字:

    • Tumor cells are round to polygonal with granular eosinophilic cytoplasm.

    • Nuclei are uniformly round, only focally bizarre due to degenerative change.

    • positivity for KIT (CD117)

7
New cards

S-9 腎亮細胞癌 (Clear cell renal cell carcinoma, CCRCC)

  • 特性:最常見的惡性腎細胞癌。

  • 特徵:細胞質白白亮亮 (Clear cytoplasm),內含肝醣與脂肪;細胞核型態多變呈惡性特徵。

  • 關鍵觀察:腫瘤細胞之間有明顯的微細分支纖維血管中隔 (Delicate branching fibrovascular septation) 區隔。(Essential: renal mass showing solid, nested, tubular, haemorrhagic, or alveolar architecture composed of clear cells with fine arborizing vascularity)

  • 關鍵字:

    • von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is one of the risk factors

    • positivity for CAIX (CA9)

8
New cards

R-2 隱球菌病 (Cryptococcosis)

  • 器官:肺部。

  • 特徵:肉芽腫性發炎與中央壞死。

  • 關鍵觀察:肺泡腔與壞死組織周圍可見大量具厚莢膜/蛋殼狀 (Thick capsule) 的酵母菌型隱球菌。

  • 關鍵字:

    • Risk group: Usage of high-dose corticosteroid

    • Major lesions are in the CNS (meningoencephalitis)

9
New cards

R-7 單純疱疹病毒感染 (Herpes simplex virus infection, HSV)

  • 器官:皮膚或黏膜。

  • 特徵:上皮內產生水泡 (Blisters) 並伴隨發炎細胞浸潤與壞死。

  • 細胞特徵 (3Ms 法則)

    1. Margination (核邊緣化):包涵體將染色質擠到核邊緣。

    2. Multinucleation (多核):形成多核上皮細胞。

    3. Molding (核擠壓變形):多核間互相擠壓呈不規則狀。

  • 關鍵字:

    1. HSV-1 and HSV-2

    2. Latency: persistent of viral genome reside in sensory ganglia that do not produce infectious viral particle

10
New cards

R-13 傳染性軟疣 (Molluscum contagiosum)

  • 器官:皮膚。

  • 特徵:鱗狀上皮向下增生,形成中央凹陷的杯狀/圓頂狀病灶 (Dome-shaped with dimpled center)

  • 關鍵觀察:顆粒層細胞內可見大量嗜酸性的細胞質內包涵體 (Molluscum bodies,軟疣小體),會將細胞核擠壓到邊緣。

  • 關鍵字:

    • Caused by molluscum contagiosum poxvirus

Explore top notes

note
Deltoid Syndrome
Updated 1141d ago
0.0(0)
note
Metals
Updated 1179d ago
0.0(0)
note
Chapter 11: Forensic Identity
Updated 1084d ago
0.0(0)
note
H105IUSBF24.REV4 - Tagged
Updated 466d ago
0.0(0)
note
AP Calculus BC Ultimate Guide
Updated 1076d ago
0.0(0)
note
Leading to the Civil War
Updated 1208d ago
0.0(0)
note
Micronutrients and Phytochemicals
Updated 1237d ago
0.0(0)
note
Deltoid Syndrome
Updated 1141d ago
0.0(0)
note
Metals
Updated 1179d ago
0.0(0)
note
Chapter 11: Forensic Identity
Updated 1084d ago
0.0(0)
note
H105IUSBF24.REV4 - Tagged
Updated 466d ago
0.0(0)
note
AP Calculus BC Ultimate Guide
Updated 1076d ago
0.0(0)
note
Leading to the Civil War
Updated 1208d ago
0.0(0)
note
Micronutrients and Phytochemicals
Updated 1237d ago
0.0(0)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards
CMS 2 - ALL antibodies
38
Updated 301d ago
0.0(0)
flashcards
Chap 1: History and Approaches
27
Updated 1190d ago
0.0(0)
flashcards
INVESTIGATION
44
Updated 742d ago
0.0(0)
flashcards
Unit One - Quiz
64
Updated 100d ago
0.0(0)
flashcards
1.3.2 Databases
92
Updated 3d ago
0.0(0)
flashcards
GGPg - Fragenkatalog (1.Test)
42
Updated 479d ago
0.0(0)
flashcards
CMS 2 - ALL antibodies
38
Updated 301d ago
0.0(0)
flashcards
Chap 1: History and Approaches
27
Updated 1190d ago
0.0(0)
flashcards
INVESTIGATION
44
Updated 742d ago
0.0(0)
flashcards
Unit One - Quiz
64
Updated 100d ago
0.0(0)
flashcards
1.3.2 Databases
92
Updated 3d ago
0.0(0)
flashcards
GGPg - Fragenkatalog (1.Test)
42
Updated 479d ago
0.0(0)