Vertebrae Function/Joints

Flashcards related to movement anatomy, thoracic and rib cage, sacral plexus, gait application, and lumbosacral plexus.

Ligamentum flavum function (limits…?)

Limits flexion

Supraspinous ligaments function (limits…?)

Limit flexion

Interspinous ligaments limit…?

Limit Flexion

Intertransverse ligaments limit…?

contralateral lateral flexion

Capsule of the apophyseal joints function

Adds stability to the vertebral column; limits extension or excessive lordosis in the cervical and lumbar regions

Anterior longitudinal ligament function

Stabilizes the vertebral column; limits flexion; reinforces the posterior annulus fibrosus

Posterior longitudinal ligament function

Strengthens and supports the apophyseal joint

Costal facets

Articulation with the posterior aspect of the ribs

Thoracic Cavity

Ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum define the volume of the thoracic cavity.

Facet Joint Orientation in Cervical Spine

Supero-lateral

Facet Joint Orientation in Thoracic Spine

Postero-lateral

Facet Joint Orientation in Lumbar Spine

Medial

Upper Ribs (# & motion)

1-7 (Pump-handle motion)

Lower Ribs (# & motion)

8-10 (Bucket-handle motion)

Floating Ribs (# & motion)

11-12 (immobile)

Sciatic Nerve is…

the LARGEST NERVE in the BODY

Foot Slap

Inability of the dorsiflexor muscles to slowly control plantar flexion

High Stepping Gait

To clear the foot from the ground, the hip and knee must be excessively flexed to advance the leg

Vaulting Gait

Standing on tip-toes creates extra clearance for the contralateral (long) leg to clear the ground during swing

Weak Quadriceps Gait

Forward lean of the trunk shifts the line of gravity anterior to the medial-lateral axis of the knee

Genu Recurvatum

Over-stretched posterior capsule of the knee or paralysis of the knee flexor muscles fails to limit knee extension

Walking With Hip or Knee Flexion Contracture

Increased tightness in tissues that normally allow full hip and knee extension

Weak Gluteus Maximus Gait

Leaning the trunk posteriorly during the stance phase shifts the body's line of gravity posterior to the hip, reducing the demands on the hip extensor muscles

Uncompensated Weak Hip Abductor (Trendelenburg) Gait

The hip abductors of the stance (left) leg are unable to produce enough force to hold the pelvis level; thus the pelvis (and often the trunk) uncontrollably leans to the opposite (right) side

Compensated Weak Hip Abductor (Trendelenburg) Gait

Purposely leaning the pelvis and trunk to the same (left) side as the weak hip abductor muscles. This compensation shifts the line of gravity to the left, closer to the axis of rotation of the stance hip

Hip Hiking Gait

Elevating, or hiking, the pelvis provides extra clearance for the advancing leg

Hip Circumduction

Circumduction creates extra clearance to advance the functionally long leg