Movement Anatomy (Class 12)

Flashcards related to movement anatomy, thoracic and rib cage, sacral plexus, gait application, and lumbosacral plexus.

Ligamentum flavum

Limits flexion

Supraspinous and interspinous ligaments

Limit flexion

Intertransverse ligaments

Limit contralateral lateral flexion

Capsule of the apophyseal joints

Adds stability to the vertebral column; limits extension or excessive lordosis in the cervical and lumbar regions

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Stabilizes the vertebral column; limits flexion; reinforces the posterior annulus fibrosus

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Strengthens and supports the apophyseal joint

Costal facets

Articulation with the posterior aspect of the ribs

Thoracic Cavity

Ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum define the volume of the thoracic cavity.

Facet Joint Orientation in Cervical Spine

Supero-lateral

Facet Joint Orientation in Thoracic Spine

Postero-lateral

Facet Joint Orientation in Lumbar Spine

Medial

Upper Ribs

1-7 (Pump-handle motion)

Lower Ribs

8-10 (Bucket-handle motion)

Floating Ribs

11-12

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal Nerves

MOTOR: TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS m., INTERNAL OBLIQUE m., EXTERNAL OBLIQUE m. CUTANEOUS: SKIN of INGUINAL & PUBIC REGIONS

Genitofemoral N.

MOTOR: CREMASTER m. CUTANEOUS: SCROTAL SKIN (MALES), SKIN of MONS PUBIS & LABIA MAJORA (FEMALES)

Lateral femoral Cutaneous Nerve

CUTANEOUS: SKIN on ANTEROLATERAL SURFACE of THIGH

Femoral N.

MOTOR: ILIACUS m. in THIGH: FLEXORS of the HIP & EXTENSORS of the KNEE CUTANEOUS: ANTEROMEDIAL THIGH & MEDIAL LEG and FOOT

Obturator N.

MOTOR: OBTURATOR EXTERNUS & ADDUCTOR MUSCLES CUTANEOUS: MEDIAL THIGH

Superior Gluteal Nerve

GLUTEUS MEDIUS, GLUTEUS MINIMUS, TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

Sciatic Nerve

LARGEST NERVE in the BODY

Sciatic Nerve

POSTERIOR THIGH MUSCLES, ALL LEG & FOOT MUSCLES, SKIN to MOST of LEG & FOOT, ARTICULAR BRANCHES to ALL JOINTS

Tibial Nerve

SOLEUS, GASTROCNEMIUS, PLANTARIS, POPLITEUS, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Tibialis Posterior

COMMON FIBULAR NERVE

LATERAL TERMINAL BRANCH of SCIATIC NERVE

SURAL NERVE

POSTERIOR & LATERAL PART of the INFERIOR 1/3 of the LEG, LATERAL SIDE of the FOOT

PUDENDAL NERVE

INTERNAL PUDENDAL ARTERY, INTERNAL PUDENDAL VEINS, PUDENDAL NERVE, LINFERIOR RECTAL NERVE, LDORSAL NERVE of PENIS or CLITORIS, LPERINEAL NERVE

POSTERIOR CUTANEOUS NERVE of the THIGH

SKIN of POPLITEAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR PART of SCROTUM or LABIA MAJORA

N. to QUADRATUS FEMORIS

INFERIOR GEMELLUS, QUADRATUS FEMORIS

N. to OBTURATOR INTERNIS

SUPERIOR GEMELLUS, OBTURATOR INTERNUS

Foot Slap

Inability of the dorsiflexor muscles to slowly control plantar flexion

High Stepping Gait

To clear the foot from the ground, the hip and knee must be excessively flexed to advance the leg

Vaulting Gait

Standing on tip-toes creates extra clearance for the contralateral (long) leg to clear the ground during swing

Weak Quadriceps Gait

Forward lean of the trunk shifts the line of gravity anterior to the medial-lateral axis of the knee

Genu Recurvatum

Over-stretched posterior capsule of the knee or paralysis of the knee flexor muscles fails to limit knee extension

Walking With Hip or Knee Flexion Contracture

Increased tightness in tissues that normally allow full hip and knee extension

Weak Gluteus Maximus Gait

Leaning the trunk posteriorly during the stance phase shifts the body's line of gravity posterior to the hip, reducing the demands on the hip extensor muscles

Uncompensated Weak Hip Abductor (Trendelenburg) Gait

The hip abductors of the stance (left) leg are unable to produce enough force to hold the pelvis level; thus the pelvis (and often the trunk) uncontrollably leans to the opposite (right) side

Compensated Weak Hip Abductor (Trendelenburg) Gait

Purposely leaning the pelvis and trunk to the same (left) side as the weak hip abductor muscles. This compensation shifts the line of gravity to the left, closer to the axis of rotation of the stance hip

Hip Hiking Gait

Elevating, or hiking, the pelvis provides extra clearance for the advancing leg

Hip Circumduction

Circumduction creates extra clearance to advance the functionally long leg