Anatomy Quiz 3 Chapter 12 Endocrine

Growth hormone promotes the growth of skeletal muscles and long bones of the body.

True

The scientific study of hormones and endocrine organs is known as immunology.

False

Antidiuretic hormone promotes sodium and water retention.

False

An endocrine gland secretes into a duct, an exocrine gland secretes into a blood vessel.

False

Hormones produced by the hypothalamus directly influence the

anterior pituitary gland

A pituitary tumor can lead to blindness because it is so close to the optic chiasma.

True

Which one of the following is NOT a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following are gonadotropins?

FSH and LH

What is the target organ of thyroid-stimulating hormone releasing hormone (TSH-RH)?

pituitary

Most hormones are

released upon stimulation by other hormones

Hyposecretion of LH or FSH results in sterility

True

What causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Diabetes insipidus is characterized by abnormal glucose levels

False

Calcitonin speeds osteoclasts

Parathyroid hormone speeds osteoblasts

False

Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland.

True

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium.

Parathyroid raises blood calcium

True

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood

pituitary dwarfism

Which synthetic hormone is called vasopressin?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What is needed to make thyroid hormone?

Iodine

Hyperthyroidism: slow and overweight

Hypothyroidism: thin and active

False

The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

diabetes insipidus

Which disorder is from hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood?

Gigantism

Acromegaly is hypersecretion of growth hormone after long bone growth has ended.

True

The fight-or-flight response triggers the release of

epinephrine

What gland secretes catecholamines?

adrenal medulla

Graves' Disease is autoimmune hyperthyroidism

Hashimoto's is autoimmune hypothyroidism

True

Thyroid and parathyroid glands produce antagonist hormones

True

Most hormones are regulated by negative feedback mechanisms.

True

Most of the steroid hormones are made in the

Adrenal cortex

The antagonist of parathyroid hormone is calcitonin

True

Which gland is located posterior to the sternum, superior to the heart?

thymus

Child has a short, disproportionate body, thick tongue and mental retardation. 

cretinism

What is the primary function of thymosin?

Essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes.

Tetany (uncontrolled muscle spasms) may indicate a malfunction of

parathyroid glands

The adrenal cortex makes 3 groups of hormones collectively called catecholamines.

False

Addison's Disease has low glucose, low blood pressure and Cushing's has the opposite.

True

Aldosterone causes the kidney to

reabsorb sodium

Which of these travels to the cortex region of the adrenal gland?

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

High cortisol levels are found in

 

Cushing's syndrome

Gluconeogenesis = break down protein and fats, liver turns them into new glucose

True

Cortisone and cortisol are the most important types of

glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids help resist stress by increasing blood glucose levels.

True

Which is a function of the mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone?

increase reabsorption of salt

Male secondary sex characteristics: low voice, facial and pubic hair, large body mass 

True

Glucocorticoids = Cortisol and Mineralocorticoids = Aldosterone

True

What organ gets the most glucose when the body is stressed?

Brain

Low cortisol levels are found in

 

Addison's disease

Which one of the following is NOT a sign of diabetes mellitus?

moon face

The pineal gland produces

melatonin

Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas make insulin and glucagon 

True

The pancreas is an endocrine and an exocrine gland

True

Regulates the body's sleep cycle

melatonin

Insulin lowers blood glucose, while glucagon raises it; they are antagonists

True

Pineal gland has mineral deposits used as a landmark in brain X-rays

True

What is the storage form of glucose?

Glycogen

Stress increases cortisol, so females can get a mustache

True

Which has round, moon face, buffalo hump, and features of the opposite sex?

 

Cushing's syndrome

Female secondary sex characteristics are pubic hair and breasts

True

What heart hormone is an antagonist of aldosterone and prevents its release?

 

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Which type of diabetes is caused from lack of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)?

 

Diabetes insipidus

Steroid hormones made by female ovaries are

 

estrogens and progesterone

Glucagon acts as an antagonist (opposite) to insulin.

True

Home pregnancy tests check for a hormone in the female's urine called

 

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Which is responsible for female secondary sex characteristics?

Estrogen

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone on males?

 

stimulation of the posterior pituitary

Produced by male testes, necessary for sperm production is

testosterone

What is the term for breaking down glycogen to make it glucose?

Glycogenolysis

The penis is the primary sex organ in males

False

When blood glucose levels are high, the pancreas releases

insulin

Glucocorticoids, glucagon, and epinephrine are hyperglycemic hormones.

True

Ovaries release estrogen/progesterone in response to anterior pituitary gland.

True

Which one causes childbirth contractions?

oxytocin

Which system produces chemical messengers known as hormones?

endocrine system

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called

androgens

Glucocorticoids regulate both water and salt content of the blood.

False

Produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas?

insulin and glucagon

What is the term for breaking down glycogen to make it glucose?

Glycogenolysis

Kidneys make this to stimulate production of red blood cells by the bone marrow

erythropoietin

Which one thickens uterus lining to prepare for implantation by embryo?

Estrogen

Which one stimulates maturation of egg and sperm?

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Which of these regulate calcium levels in the body?

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)

The 2 categories of sex hormones are androgens and estrogens

False

The adrenal cortex makes estrogen in males and testosterone in females

True

All organs try to RAISE blood pressure EXCEPT the heart, which wants to LOWER it

True