A_P_Lab_Exercise_2_-_Blood__2024_.docx

Leukocytes

Also known as white blood cells (WBCs), they play a crucial role in the immune response against infectious microorganisms.

Fibrinogen

A blood protein crucial for blood clotting, which converts to fibrin to form clots and prevent bleeding.

Hematocrit

The proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells, used to assess blood health.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen (O2), can carry up to 4 O2 molecules.

Granulocytes

A category of white blood cells characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm, essential for fighting infections.

Neutrophils

The most abundant type of granulocyte, making up 55-70% of WBCs, involved in phagocytosing bacteria and yeast.

Eosinophils

A granulocyte that makes up 1-4% of WBCs, primarily responding to parasitic infections and allergies.

Basophils

The rarest granulocytes (0.5-1%), containing histamine for promoting inflammatory responses during allergic reactions.

T-cells

A type of lymphocyte involved in the adaptive immune response, particularly fighting virus-infected cells.

B-cells

A type of lymphocyte that produces antibodies specific to pathogens like bacteria and viruses.

Hemagglutination

The clumping of blood cells, indicating a positive result in blood typing assays.

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

An immune response that can occur when incompatible blood types are mixed, leading to harmful effects.

Universal donors

Individuals with O- blood type who can donate to any blood type without causing an adverse reaction.

Universal recipients

Individuals with AB+ blood type who can receive blood from any other type without a reaction.

Phagocytosis

The process by which certain cells, like macrophages and neutrophils, engulf and destroy pathogens.

Sickle cell anemia

A genetic condition where red blood cells become crescent-shaped, impairing their function and leading to various health issues.