population health practice problems

the community solves problems by mobilizing its own resources known as

Horizontal Community Empowerment

Beliefs about groups of people being better than others because of specific characteristics or identities known as

prejudice

Worse health outcomes among a socially disadvantaged group that are systematic and plausibly avoidable known as

Health disparities

A rate of occurrence that describes the extent of a disease or illness

morbidity

Links between contributing factors and resulting states of health and illness

causality

Systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of data in order to protect the publics health

surveillance

Total number of people affected by a particular condition at a given point

prevalence

The number of new cases of a particular condition identified during a specific period of time

incidence rate

Natural defense mechanisms of the body resist specific antigens or toxins

natural immune system

Antibodies are given or transferred to the body is an example of what type of immunity

passive immunity

Chicken pox prior to have the varicella vaccine is an example of a communicable disease that has moderate ongoing occurrence, otherwise known as

endemic

Route that the agent takes to LEAVE the reservoir

portal of exit

a community health nurse has just completed data collection that indicates that only 25% of the high school students has received the HPV vaccine. Creating and presenting education for this population would be which level of prevention

primary

High-effort coping with chronic stressors due to multiple layers od social disadvantage

weathering

Worse health outcomes among a socially disadvantaged group that are systematic and plausible avoidance is the definition of

health disparities

Daily commonplace insults and racial slights that cumulatively take a toll on the psychological well being of the individual they are aimed at are otherwise known as

microaggressions

Replacing lead pipes in the area where daycare and schools are located is an example of= upstream

primary prevention intervention

Enabled communities to identify health problems and act to resolve them

Community Empowerment

Which of the following is a strategy a student might use in this class to practice striving for intellectual humility?

a. Ignore their own social positionally

b. Focus on anecdotal evidence

c. Ask closed ended questions

d. Strive to see the connections to ideas and concepts already studied

d. Strive to see the connections to ideas and concepts already studied

Prejudice has to do with beliefs and judgments, and discrimination are the actions taken based on these beliefs

A. True

B. False

A. True

Nurse Smith holds beliefs about a certain racial group being less friendly compared to other groups. This is an example of:

A. Discrimination

B. Prejudice

C. Microaggression

D. Institutionalized racism

B. Prejudice

Would microaggressions be most accurately categorized as prejudice and/or discrimination?

A. Prejudice

B. Discrimination

C. Neither

D. Both

B. Discrimination

Celina is a Latina transgender women in urgent care for an infection on her hand. The nurse has never taken care of a transperson before and catches herself staring at Celina repeatedly.While taking Celina's vitals the nurse asks, "You know at first I thought you were a real woman." This is an example of:

A. Ideology

B. Prejudice

C. Microaggression

D. Assessment

C. Microaggression

True or False: Implicit biases started forming at a young age and are further shaped as someone matures

true

When is it more likely for implicit bias to impact our actions?

A. As new graduates

B. Under stressful situations

C. Under calm situations

D. At work

B. Under stressful situations

Which aspects of nursing care might be impacted by implicit bias? Select all that apply

A. Body language

B. Focused attention

C. Level of care

D. None of the above

A. Body language

B. Focused attention

C. Level of care

Research has shown that unconscious biases may cause us to make decisions that contribute to:

A. Health differences

B. Health justice

C. Health equity

D. Health disparities

D. Health disparities

What is the best first step in helping to reduce health disparities among populations that experience discrimination?

A. Learn about all of the worse health outcomes

B. Understand one's own implicit biases

C. Expect to encounter challenges in providing care

D. Remember that everyone has the same experience in society

B. Understand one's own implicit biases

Which one of the following best describes horizontal community empowerment?

A. The community solves problems by mobilizing their own resources

B. Efforts are focused on changing the power structure of the national government

C. Outside resources are used to addresscommunity concerns

D. Empowerment comes from outside thecommunity

A. The community solves problems by mobilizing their own resources

a group of people who have common health concerns and needs known as

population

Unfavorable social and economic conditions including poverty and lack of access to quality education known as

Social disadvantage

True or False: Population health may be a newer concept in the health care system today, but nursing has a long history of focusing on the health of population groups.

true

Which of the following are key elements of a population health approach?

A.Focus on health of the overall population

B.Attention to social determinants of health and their interactions

C."Upstream" investment in strategies that address root causes of illness

D.Decision making based on evidence

A.Focus on health of the overall population

B.Attention to social determinants of health and their interactions

C."Upstream" investment in strategies that address root causes of illness

D.Decision making based on evidence

How many Core Public Health Functions are there?

A.4

B.7

C.3

D.9

C.3

true or false: Prejudice has to do with beliefs and judgments, and discrimination are the actions taken based on these beliefs

true

Nurse Smith holds beliefs about a certain racial group being less friendly compared to other groups. This is an example of:

A. Discrimination

B. Prejudice

C. Microaggression

D. Institutionalized

E. Racism

B. Prejudice

Celina is a Latina transgender women in urgent care for an infection on her hand. The nurse has never taken care of a trans person before and catches herself staring at Celina repeatedly. While taking Celina's vitals the nurse asks, "You know at first I thought you were a real woman." This is an example of:I

A. ideology

B. Prejudice

C. Microaggression

D. Assessment

microaggression

Which of the following is a strategy a student might use in this class to practice striving for intellectual humility?

A. Ignore their own social positionally

B. Focus on anecdotal evidence

C. Ask closed ended questions

D. Strive to see the connections to ideas and concepts already studied.

D. Strive to see the connections to ideas and concepts already studied.

What is the best first step an individual can take in helping to reduce health disparities among populations that experience discrimination?

A. Learn about all of the worse health outcomes

B. Understand one's own implicit biases

C. Expect to encounter challenges in providing care

D. Remember that everyone has the same experience in society

B. Understand one's own implicit biases

There were 5 newly diagnosed cases of measles in Ozaukee County in 2018. This describes what?

A. Incidence

B. Prevalence

C. Case Fatality

D. Efficacy

A. Incidence

In 2019, a county health department reported 874 residents living with HIV. This describes what?

A. Incidence

B. Prevalence

C. Secondary Prevention

D. Death Rate

B. Prevalence

Chemical agents, physical agents, and infectious agents are considered a part which aspect of the Epidemiological Triangle?

A. Agent

B. Host

C. Environment

D. Causality

A. Agent

What is the ongoing systematic collection and data analysis of health outcomes, such as infectious diseases?

A. Primary Prevention

B. Web of Causation

C. Herd immunity

D. Surveillance

D. Surveillance

In 2022 so far County A has reported 2,345 new cases of COVID-19 and 75 who have died from COVID-19. What is the incidence of COVID-19?

A.2270

B. 2345

C. 75

D. 1000

B. 2345

A condition that occurs when the rate of disease exceeds the usual level of the condition in a defined population is called

A. Epidemic

B. Endemic

C. Pandemic

D. Morbidity

A. Epidemic

A patient is receiving antibodies via immunoglobulins for Hepatitis A. This is an example of:

A. Active immunity

B. Passive immunity

C. Herd immunity

D. Natural immunity

B. Passive immunity

Health disparities are defined as:

A. Nonspecific variation in health

B. Worse health among socially disadvantaged populations

C. Unavoidable health differences

D. Health outcomes resulting from poor choices

B. Worse health among socially disadvantaged populations

Jafaris is an African American child with asthma. His family lives below the federal poverty level and has recently been evicted. He is more likely to experience worse asthma outcomes compared to a White child who has never experienced eviction or poverty.This is an example of:

A. Health difference

B. Health equity

C. Health disparity

D. Health behavior

C. Health disparity

What is someone's relative position in the social hierarchy, related to economic resources, race, ethnicity, religion, gender, sexual orientation, and disability?

A. Health difference

B. Social disadvantage

C. Health disparity

D. Health equity

B. Social disadvantage

Which principles inform the concepts of health equity and health disparities? (Select All That Apply)

A. Human Rights

B. Ethics

C. Business

D. Nondiscrimination and equality

A. Human Rights

B. Ethics

D. Nondiscrimination and equality

A reduction in health disparities is evidence that we are moving toward greater health equity.

A. True

B. False

true

Social determinants of health may contribute to poor health outcomes decades after exposure.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Arleen is a single mom who has experienced eviction and also struggles with depression. Which of the following would be considered a structural level social determinant of health that may have contributed to Arleen's mental health diagnosis of depression?

A. Not completing high school

B. Lack of food

C. Experiencing grief after the death of her sister

D. Unsanitary living conditions

A. Not completing high school

The Hinkston's apartment has a sagging ceiling due to water leakage, a thin blackish film coating the floor, and roaches crawling throughout the home. These are considered _________ social determinants of health according to the WHO CSDH framework.

A. Behavioral

B. Intermediary

C. Structural

D. Policy

B. Intermediary

The health system is considered a structural level social determinant of health.

A. True

B. False

A. True

You are a nurse on a med surg floor at a hospital situated near a low-income neighborhood with many people hospitalized due to issues related to cardiovascular disease or diabetes. Which of the following statements would be an evidence-based approach to understanding this situation?

A. Medical care is the strongest determinant of health outcomes

B. Housing policies do not play ar ole in these health outcomes

C. Assessment of material circumstances may reveal potential causes of poor health

D. Cultural and societal values would not impact the care received at the hospital

C. Assessment of material circumstances may reveal potential causes of poor health

What does the Wheel of Public HealthNursing Interventions describe?

A. Actions nurses can take

B. Causes of the Causes

C. Social Determinants of Health

D. Policy Analysis

A. Actions nurses can take

Public health interventions are population-based if:

A. They focus on systems only

B. They focus on community only

C. They focus on individuals only

D. They consider all levels of practice

D. They consider all levels of practice

Which of the following interventions would have the largest impact on detrimental health effects of discrimination?

A. Policy that prevents discrimination in housing

B. Screening for PTSD at a clinical visit

C. Patient education pamphlets on how to take anti anxiety medication

D. Screening for high cholesterol caused from elevated stress hormones

A. Policy that prevents discrimination in housing

A neighborhood converts an abandoned lot into a community garden. This is an example of which level of an intervention to improve access to healthy foods?

A. Individual

B. Community

C. Organizational

D. Policy/systems

B. Community

Which of the following would have the greatest impact on health outcomes? (select all that apply)

A. Dental screenings

B. Water fluoridation

C. Patient education about immunizations

D. Immunization requirements to enter school

B. Water fluoridation

D. Immunization requirements to enter school

Which of the following would be considered the most upstream intervention for addressing high rates of childhood obesity among children living in poverty?

A. My Plate brochures

B. Screen for diabetes

C. Raise the minimum wage

D. Fund nutritional counseling

D. Fund nutritional counseling

Allostatic load is?

A. Wear and tear on the body's systems related to prolonged or excessive stress

B. Body's ability to return to normal

C. A way to calm a stress response

D. A stress hormone from the adrenal gland

A. Wear and tear on the body's systems related to prolonged or excessive stress

The body's main stress response follows which pathway?

A. Adrenal-Thyroid-Pituitary

B. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal

C. Hippocampus-Parathyroid-Adrenal

D. Neuro-Endocrine-Gonadal

B. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal

A landlord may experience different long term health impacts from stress than a tenant because (select all that apply)?

A. She has a higher degree of control over the stressor

B. She has more social advantage

C. She has little control over the outcome

D. She has limited resources for coping

A. She has a higher degree of control over the stressor

B. She has more social advantage

a group has convened to complete a community health assessment. what is the most important first step that the group should complete

define the community

Diabetes has been identified, during key informant interviews, as an issue of concern within your county. You have been asked to find the prevalence of diabetes in your county to help inform your community health assessment. You look to a countywide health database for more information because you know that it is a source of _______________ data.

surveillance

You are a public health nurse exploring diabetes in your community. In 2018, 2500 residents were living with diabetes and in that same year, 500 of those were reported as newly diagnosed. What is the incidence of diabetes in your community?

500

a school nurse is planning for the start of the school year and needs to know how many of the students enrolled in the district have asthma. what is the nurse reviewing?

prevalence

Notable epidemiologic differences between two populations that is not due to social disadvantage is:

health difference

You have been asked to teach a group of preschool parents about poison control in the home. You will be educating them on where to store cleaning supplies to keep their children from getting into these supplies. This activity is an example of what level of prevention?

primary

Which of the following has the greatest impact on preventable death in the United States?

social determinants of health

A hospital system created a program for 9th graders that included weekly training sessions about job interviewing, money management, and resume writing. The result of the program helped the majority of students attend college, join the military, or get a job right out of high school. The hospital system was addressing:

structural social determinants of health

The clinic that you work for has developed a screening tool to assess patient's social determinants of health. Which questions/statements would you anticipate would be included on the tool to assess intermediary social determinants?

- do you have leaking pipes or mold in your home

- do you have paint peeling in your home

- in the last 12 month have you skipped a meal because there wasn't enough food

There is a high level of lead poisoning in children in your county. You are tasked with designing a secondary prevention strategy. Which of the following would you most likely be considering?

free blood lead level testing, arranged through a local church

You are developing an educational session for your clinical site about chronic stress. Which of the following should you include in your presentation?

population experiencing social disadvantage is more likely experiencing chronic stress

A nurse is admitting a client who has influenza and pneumonia and needs to understand the chain of transmission. What is the most accurate about the chain of transmission?

understanding the portal exit means we know the route the virus takes to leave the reservoir

A local school has had an outbreak of pertussis. Which of the following should the nurse recommend to break the chain of infection at the susceptible host?

give the students and staff the tdap vaccine

The epidemiologic triad of disease causation refers to

agent, host, environment

A child comes into hospital with signs and symptoms of lead poisoning. The phlebotomist takes blood from the patient to assess their lead levels. Then a primary care provider comes into the room to conduct a neurocognitive assessment. Lastly, a nurse comes into the room to conduct a social determination of health assessment.

Which health care team member would be considered the upstreamist in this scenario?

the nurse conducting the social determination of health assessment

A county ordinance has passed allowing a program to be developed using federal funding to provide financial support for both landlords and tenants facing financial hardship due to the COVID-19 epidemic and resultant unemployment crisis. This would be an example of which level of intervention?

policy

A nurse has recently attended a training on implicit bias and would like to implement some strategies to reduce any possible impact on the quality of nursing care provided to patients. The nurse seeks to develop relationships with members of a group to which they do not belong, with the goal of dissolving stereotypes. This is an example of:

increasing opportunity of contact

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