Knowt5.0(1)
Procedure - Street Law Unit 1
Values Behind Laws
Social Values → Standard for behavior accepted by __society__
**Example**: Free education laws, school sports changing from boys only to boys & girls
Moral Values → Fundamental questions about __right and wrong__
**Example**: Laws against murder
Economic Values → The accumulation, preservation, use, and distribution of __wealth__
**Example**: Laws that give tax cuts to businesses, laws against shoplifting
Political Values → The relationship between the __government and the people__
**Example**: Laws that make it easier to vote
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Burdens of Proof In Trial
Criminal Cases → Requires beyond a __reasonable doubt__
**Example**: DNA, audio recordings, video recordings
Civil Cases → Requires __preponderance of evidence__
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Burdens of Proof
Absolute Certainty → **100**%, it __cannot be disproved__ that someone committed a crime
Beyond Reasonable Doubt → >**90**%, there __cannot be reasonable doubts__ that a person is guilty
Preponderance of Evidence → >**50**%, evidence is __stronger than the other party’s__ evidence
Probable Cause → >**25**%, it is obvious a crime is being committed through __facts and circumstances__
Reasonable Suspicion → >**10**%, a __guess or hunch__ that a crime is being committed
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Types of Law
Civil Action → a __noncriminal lawsuit__ brought to enforce a right or undo a wrong
**Example**: A lawsuit for medical malpractice or discrimination
Civil Law → All law that does not involve criminal matters and instead deals with the rights and relationships between people, groups, businesses, and things
**Example**: torts, contract law
Criminal Law → All law that focuses on crimes and their punishments
**Example**: Murder cases
\
Dispute Resolution
Informal Talk → __Casual discussion__ to resolve a problem
Negotiation Slightly __more formal discussion__ aimed at resolving a problem
Mediation → A __neutral third party__ helps parties reach decisions themselves in a __less formal setting__
Arbitration → An impartial __third party__ listens to both sides of a case and offers __binding__ suggestions
Court Action → Legally binding agreement decided by a __judge or jury__
Settlement → An agreement that ends a dispute
Binding → A legal agreement that cannot be broken
Lawyers
Contingency Fee → A fee paid based on what the client is awarded or settles for in a lawsuit
Retainer Fee → a __down payment__ used to hire an attorney
Legal Malpractice → lawyers can be sued by clients for serious errors that result in injury or loss
Legal Advertising → Can be limited as it is considered __commercial speech__
Attorney-Client Privilege → Clients may admit to crimes to attorneys and under contract, the attorney cannot tell anyone
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Legality & Morality
Legal but Immoral → An action that __hurts people emotionally__, but is not illegal
**Example**: Cheating or breaking a promise
Illegal but Moral → An action that is illegal but __benefits the greater good__
**Example**: Hurting someone in self-defense
\n
Other
Basic Principles Of Law → Everyone, even government officials, are __responsible under the law__
Federalism → The __separation of powers__ between the state and federal governments
Supremacy Clause → Federal law should be followed over state law if there is a disagreement between the two. States can be __more restrictive but not less restrictive__ than the federal government
Universal Declaration of Human Rights → Declaration by the UN that forces all members to uphold a standard of human rights in their country. It protects the basic human rights of people everywhere
Gideon v Wainwright → Ruled that a defendant who committed a felony has the __right to an attorney__. If they cannot afford a lawyer, one will be provided to them by the state
Ombudspersons → An official who investigates complaints against businesses, public entities, or government officials
Statuses → Written laws enacted by legislatures that can be looked up in databases or books
Social Values → Standard for behavior accepted by __society__
**Example**: Free education laws, school sports changing from boys only to boys & girls
Moral Values → Fundamental questions about __right and wrong__
**Example**: Laws against murder
Economic Values → The accumulation, preservation, use, and distribution of __wealth__
**Example**: Laws that give tax cuts to businesses, laws against shoplifting
Political Values → The relationship between the __government and the people__
**Example**: Laws that make it easier to vote
\n
Burdens of Proof In Trial
Criminal Cases → Requires beyond a __reasonable doubt__
**Example**: DNA, audio recordings, video recordings
Civil Cases → Requires __preponderance of evidence__
\n
Burdens of Proof
Absolute Certainty → **100**%, it __cannot be disproved__ that someone committed a crime
Beyond Reasonable Doubt → >**90**%, there __cannot be reasonable doubts__ that a person is guilty
Preponderance of Evidence → >**50**%, evidence is __stronger than the other party’s__ evidence
Probable Cause → >**25**%, it is obvious a crime is being committed through __facts and circumstances__
Reasonable Suspicion → >**10**%, a __guess or hunch__ that a crime is being committed
\n
Types of Law
Civil Action → a __noncriminal lawsuit__ brought to enforce a right or undo a wrong
**Example**: A lawsuit for medical malpractice or discrimination
Civil Law → All law that does not involve criminal matters and instead deals with the rights and relationships between people, groups, businesses, and things
**Example**: torts, contract law
Criminal Law → All law that focuses on crimes and their punishments
**Example**: Murder cases
\
Dispute Resolution
Informal Talk → __Casual discussion__ to resolve a problem
Negotiation Slightly __more formal discussion__ aimed at resolving a problem
Mediation → A __neutral third party__ helps parties reach decisions themselves in a __less formal setting__
Arbitration → An impartial __third party__ listens to both sides of a case and offers __binding__ suggestions
Court Action → Legally binding agreement decided by a __judge or jury__
Settlement → An agreement that ends a dispute
Binding → A legal agreement that cannot be broken
Lawyers
Contingency Fee → A fee paid based on what the client is awarded or settles for in a lawsuit
Retainer Fee → a __down payment__ used to hire an attorney
Legal Malpractice → lawyers can be sued by clients for serious errors that result in injury or loss
Legal Advertising → Can be limited as it is considered __commercial speech__
Attorney-Client Privilege → Clients may admit to crimes to attorneys and under contract, the attorney cannot tell anyone
\n
Legality & Morality
Legal but Immoral → An action that __hurts people emotionally__, but is not illegal
**Example**: Cheating or breaking a promise
Illegal but Moral → An action that is illegal but __benefits the greater good__
**Example**: Hurting someone in self-defense
\n
Other
Basic Principles Of Law → Everyone, even government officials, are __responsible under the law__
Federalism → The __separation of powers__ between the state and federal governments
Supremacy Clause → Federal law should be followed over state law if there is a disagreement between the two. States can be __more restrictive but not less restrictive__ than the federal government
Universal Declaration of Human Rights → Declaration by the UN that forces all members to uphold a standard of human rights in their country. It protects the basic human rights of people everywhere
Gideon v Wainwright → Ruled that a defendant who committed a felony has the __right to an attorney__. If they cannot afford a lawyer, one will be provided to them by the state
Ombudspersons → An official who investigates complaints against businesses, public entities, or government officials
Statuses → Written laws enacted by legislatures that can be looked up in databases or books
