SCOTUS precedent quiz

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

SC ruled school-sponsored prayer in public schools violated the establishment clause of the 1st Amendment

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

school can't censor student speech unless it interrupts education

United States v. Lopez (1995)

congress was using the commerce clause to justify the gun law that was overturned

New York Times Co v. United States (1971)

right of free press against prior restraint from government

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

all defendants facing imprisonment get a right to an attorney - 6th Amendment

Baker v. Carr (1962)

"One man, one vote." Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; Warren Court's judicial activism.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

ended legalized racial segregation in schools

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

ensured "Separation but equal" doctrine, leading to Jim Crow Laws still being used

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

illegal seized evidence could not be used in a state criminal trial - exclusionary rule

D.C v. Heller (2008)

2nd amendments protects possession of a firearm in the federal district

Oregon v. Smith (1988)

applicable laws not targeting specific religious practices do not violate the free exercise clause of the 1st Amendment

Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986)

public school can limit student free speech if it is vulgar

Roe v. Wade (1973)

right to decide whether to continue a pregnancy based on the 14th Amendment.

New Jersey v. T.L.O (1985)

4th Amendments prohibition against unreasonable search and seizure is not limited to just the actions of law enforcement personnel; reasonable suspicion is less than probable clause

Board of Education v. Earls (2002)

upheld constitutionally of mandatory drug testing by public schools of students in extracurricular activities

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Declared that African Americans were not citizens and could not sue in federal court.

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

prioritized free exercise of religion over students attending school

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Supremacy Clause: federal power - necessary improper clause in Article 1, Section 8 gave Congress power to establish a national bank

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

racial reasons for redistricting is unconstitutional

Schenck v. United States (1919)

SC invented "clear and present danger" to determine if a state could constitutionally limit an individual's free speech rights under the 1st Amendment

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

2nd amendment applies to state, local, and federal governments

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established judicial review

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

citizens must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination prior to police questioning

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

internment camps are legal during wartime; not necessary to address racial discrimination

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

symbolic speech is protected under the 1st Amendment

Reynolds v. United States (1879)

upheld state law on polygamy.

In re Gault (1967)

Juveniles are entitled to Due Process protection under the 14th Amendment

Youngstown v. Sawyer (1952)

curbed executive power and said Truman could not have seizure of steel mills

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Federally recongized same sex marriage

Riley v. California (2014)

Police must obtain a search warrant to retrieve content from an arrested person's cell phone

Barker v. Wingo (1972)

speedy and public trial by impartial jury

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier

public schools can limit student newspapers if it's inconsistent with the school's educational mission