Apush ch.9-11

Commonwealth v. Hunt

Commonwealth v. Hunt

(1842) a landmark ruling of the MA Supreme Court establishing the legality of labor unions and the legality of union workers striking if an employer hired non-union workers.

Nativism

favoring the interests of native-born people over foreign-born people

Know Nothing Party

Political party of the 1850s that was anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant

The Peculiar Institution

Another term for slavery; The owning of human beings existed in a country that practiced liberty.

The Democrat Party

Formed in the 1820s after split of the Democratic-Republican party on ideals after the loss of the War of 1812. Oldest surviving political party in the U.S.

Universal White Male Suffrage

The extension of the right to vote to all males regardless of social standing or race, whose movement had begun in the early-mid 1800's

Corrupt Bargain

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson.

Tariff of Abominations

submitted to be purposely so high that it would never be approved, but it actually passed; South Carolina almost threatens secession

The Revolution of 1828

In the 1828 election, Andrew Jackson became president after a mudslinging campaign. Jackson was a champion of the working class and middle class (common man). p. 195)

Anti-Masonic Party

made during the election of 1832; Party that was anti freemasons; first third party in US history

Spoils System

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.

The Peggy Eaton Affair

A social scandal where many wealthy cabinet member's wives snubbed the socially unacceptable Peggy Eaton, wife of John Eaton. Jackson sided with the Eatons, and the affair helped to dissolve the cabinet - especially those members associated with John C. Calhoun (V.P.), who was against the Eatons and had other problems with Jackson.

Kitchen Cabinet

The informal advisers to the president.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Ordered the removal of Indian Tribes still residing east of the Mississippi to newly established Indian Territory west of Arkansas and Missouri; those resisting eviction were forcibly removed by American forces, often after prolonged legal or military battles.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

(1831) The Cherokees argued that they were a seperate nation and therefore not under Georgia's jurisdiction. Marshall said they were not, but rather had "special status"

Trail of Tears

the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma

Nullification Crisis

SC claims to have the right to "nullify" or cancel any federal law they don't like; about state sovereignty

Jackson's bank veto

Believes that the large bank is a priviledge for the rich. Removal of federal deposits to Jackson's "pet banks" puts money from federal bank into Democratic banks

Pet banks

A term used by Jackson's opponents to describe the state banks that the federal government used for new revenue deposits in an attempt to destroy the Second Bank of the United States; the practice continued after the charter for the Second Bank expired in 1836.

Specie Circular

issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed.

The Panic of 1837

When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress.

Whigs

Anti-Jackson political party that generally stood for national community and an activist government

The Log Cabin Campaign

name given to William Henry Harrison's campaign for the presidency in 1840, from the Whigs' use of a log cabin as their symbol

Transcendentalism

any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material

Shakers

forbidding marriage and no sexual relations

Romanticism

19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason

Temperance

restraint or moderation, especially in regards to alcohol or food

Seneca Falls Convention

the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

American Colonization Society

A Society that thought slavery was bad. They would buy land in Africa and get free blacks to move there. One of these such colonies was made into what now is Liberia. Most sponsors just wanted to get blacks out of their country.

Liberia

In 1820, the American Colonization Society created a colony in West Africa for freed slaves to go. By the 1840s this colony had its own constitution and became and independent nation.

Nat Turner

United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia

Daniel Webster

Famous American politician and orator. he advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System. Would later push for a strong union.

Martin Van Burren

Which President was blamed for the Panic of 1837 and served only one term as a result

John Tyler

elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery

Henry David Thoreau

American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He wrote down his beliefs in Walden. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused to pay the toll-tax to support him Mexican War.

Dorothea Dix

A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A prominent advocate of women's rights, Stanton organized the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention with Lucretia Mott

Susan B. Anthony

social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation