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Cross-sectional design
Compares groups on a variable at a specific time; contrasts with longitudinal studies that track changes over time.
Double-blind testing
Neither researchers nor participants know treatment assignments, preventing bias and placebo effects.
Longitudinal study
Observes participants over time using interviews, testing, or observations; similar to repeated measures design.
Meta-analysis
Combines data from multiple studies on the same question to produce a comprehensive conclusion.
Prospective research
Studies variables early in life and follows participants over time to examine correlations and development.
Single-blind testing
Researchers know treatment assignments, but participants do not, reducing placebo effects but not experimenter bias.
