AP2 Autonomic Nervous System (completed SG)

The autonomic nervous system ANS:

controls the vital functions of many internal organs

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons:

have cell bodies embedded in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have ____ axons and sympathetic postganglionic neurons have ___ axons

short; long

Most organs are innervated by neurons from both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic division. This is called:

dual innervation

Motor impulses are sent from the CNS to postganglionic neurons in step

C

Which of the following is true of the nervous system division dipicted in this figure

it is involuntary

A patient expresses feeling dizzy when standing, nauseated when eating, and having difficulty with emptying their bladder. You want to run some tests to determine if they are suffering from:

autonomic neuropathy

An elderly woman taking medication to lower her blood pressure may see effects on her entire sympathetic nervous system. What would happen if she were faced with an emergency?

She will be less able to regulate her blood pressure and make the necessary adjustments during the emergency

In the last step of a visceral reflex arc,

__________.

postganglionic neurons stimulate target cells

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle

somatic motor division

which of the following is called the “fight or flight” division of the nervous system

sympathetic nervous system

Unlike autonomic motor neurons, somatic motor neurons____

can only stimulate their target cells and not inhibit them

Which of the following division of the nervous system is often called the “rest and digest” division of the nervous system?

Parasympathetic nervous system

Visceral reflex arcs do NOT control

voluntary muscle functions

Autonomic motor neurons do NOT innervate

skeletal muscle cells

Somatic motor neurons innervate:

skeletal muscle cells

Control of skeletal muscle is the responsibility of:

a somatic motor neuron

Where are autonomic ganglia located

peripheral nervous system PNS

Where does the cell body of the preganglionic neuron originate

central nervous system CNS

As Lisa drove home, she was suddenly alerted to the sound of a blaring horn and realized she had drifted off to sleep. Which nervous system division dominated when she was startled

awake?

sympathetic nervous system

Which of the following innervates target cells or organs of the autonomic nervous system

postganglionic neuron

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system includes the vagus nerves, which innervate the thoracic and abdominal viscera

parasympathetic nervous system

Which nervous system division works antagonistically to the sympathetic nervous system

parasympathetic nervous system

What do the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems share in

common?

Both symptoms are divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Identify if sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system

Increased heart rate, relaxation of the urinary sphincter, vasoconstriction of blood vessels to skin, enhances mental alertness

sympathetic, parasympathetic, sympathetic, sympathetic

What does the vagus nerve (CN X) innervate

cardiac muscle cells

What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on heart rate

decrease heart rate

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the parasympathetic nervous

system?

increased swear secretion

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that activates when you are resting and digesting is the

parasympathetic nervous system

When witnesses lie under oath, their pupils dilate. This effect is caused by ___

the sympathetic nervous system

Which is an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system

relaxation of digestive and urinary sphincters

You are developing a new drug that treats asthma symptoms by stimulating bronchodilation. This drug should mimic:

stimulating the sympathetic nervous system

Name the structure identified with a question mark from this summary chart of how the nervous system controls homeostasis

hypothalamus

T/F The reticular formation can exercise control over autonomic centers if its connection with the hypothalamus is severed

True

T/F Most organs experience dual innervation from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

True

Which part of the brain largely controls homeostatic functions

hypothalamus

Motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system_____

can either excite or inhibit effector organs

Which statement accurately compares the motor systems of the somatic nervou system and autonomic nervous system

The SNS does not have ganglia for its motor neurons but the ANS does

Preganglionic neurons of the ANS release:

acetylcholine

The first of the two ANS motor neurons is the ____ neuron

preganglionic

Postganglionic axons are:

unmyelinated

Statements that are correct concerning the parasympathetic division of the ANS

Contains preganglioninc cell bodies in brainstem nuclei

Helps maintain homeostasis

Contains preganglionic cell bodies in the sacral regioin of the spinal cord

The sympathetic division of the ANS has:

ALL CHOICES ARE CORRECT

long postganglionic axons.

preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord.

norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter

What is not a characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the ANS

Long postganglionic axons

The CN that supplies parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic organ is:

CN X (vagus nerve)

Activation of parasympathetic fibers in pelvic splanchnic nerves leads to:

increased smooth muscle mobility in the digestive tract

In the heart, activation of these receptors increase heart rate

all adrenergic receptors

Muscarinic receptors are proteins that bind the neurotransmitter____

acetylcholine

When Ach binds to nicotinic receptors it:

always produces an excitatory response

When norepinephrine is released from postganglionic neurons, its targets are:

adrenergic receptors on effectors such as smooth muscle

Nicotinic receptors bind

acetylcholine and are always excitatory

The sympathetic trunk ganglia are primarily composed of:

somas of postganglionic neurons

Prevertebral sympathetic nerves are composed of

preganglionic sympathetic axons that did not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion

Which sympathetic pathway involves only a preganglionic axon going to the effector organ

adrenal medulla pathway

Autonomic tone refers to

the continual activity maintained ny the sympathetic & parasympathetic divisions

Which may be involved in an autonomic reflex

ALL OF THE CHOICES ARE CORRECT

Secretion by glands

Smooth muscle contraction

Cardiac muscle contraction

Sympathetic and parasympathetic effects on heart rate are:

antagonistic

In the brain, the _____ is the integration and command center for autonomic functions

hypothalamus

The diameter of many blood vessels is controlled exclusively by the ________ nervous system, & decreases in the activity of this system result in _________.

sympathetic; vasodilation

MATCH DESCRIPTIONS TO DIVISION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

observing beautiful scenery:

The sensations, movements, & secretions of organs such as the heart & intestines are governed by the:

The knee jerk reflex (when the quadriceps muscles contract after the patellar tendon is tapped) is the work of the:

Motor neurons of the ____contain more rapidly conducting axons:

somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, SNS, SNS

Match the description to the division of the autonomic nervous system.

The ______division functions to conserve energy & replenish the supply of nutrients.

The _______nervous system engages in mass activation.

The _______nervous system has long preganglionic axons & therefore ganglia that are relatively far from the central nervous system.

The _______ nervous system causes pupil dilation.

The ________nervous system causes reduced blood flow to the digestive tract.

The _______nervous system causes the heart rate to increase.

Parasympathetic, Sympathetic, P, S, S, S

When an effector receives input from both the sympathetic & parasympathetic divisions, it is said to have                            innervation.

dual innervation

Neuronal                                              occurs when axons from numerous preganglionic cells synapse on a single ganglionic cell.  

convergence

Which of the following is NOT a visceral motor effector

skeletal muscle

Which of the following divisions of the nervous system utilizes two neurons

Visceral motor

Which of the following neurons always secretes ACh

parasympathetic neurons, preganglionic neurons, somatic motor neurons

The vagus nerve is part of which division of the nervous system and causes which actions

Parasympathetic; promotes digestion

Which of the following nervous system divisions are properly paired with one of its actions

parasympathetic; decreases heart rate

Which of the following correctly describe neurons within the symapthetic nervous system

Short preganglionic neurons

Utilizes sympathetic trunk ganglia

The prevertebral ganglia:

stimulate GI secretion

Adrenergic neurons:

secret norepinephrine

The digestive tract is innervated by both the sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous systems. This is an example of:

dual innervation

Which area of the brain controls vital visceral functions (i.e. blood pressure)?

brainstem