L2-Principles of hazards

Accident

Results to injury, loss, or death

Incident

Does not result in personal injury but may result in property damage or is worthy of recording

Frank E. Bird

“For every 600 incidents, it can lead to a single major injury”

Struck against/by, caught in on or between objects, slips and trips, fall on same or below elevations, electrocution, fire

Types of accidents

Disabling accidents

Results in fatality, permanent total disability, permanent partial disability, and temporary total disability .

Fatality

Death

Permanent total disability

Loss of both eyes, one eye and one arm/leg/foot, complete paralysis of two limbs, brain injury resulting in imbecility or insanity

Permanent partial disability

Results in the loss or loss of use of any member of the body

Temporary total disability

Results in absence from work for a day/more

Non-disabling accidents

Work injury that doesnt result in absence from work

Unsafe act & unsafe condition

Immediate causes of work accidents

Unsafe act

Human action that departs from a standard or written job procedure or common practice, safety rules, regulations, or instructions

Unsafe conditions

Property of material, machine, or the environment which could result in injury to a person, damage or destruction to property or other forms of losses

Hazards

Source, situation, and acts that could lead into an accident

Ergonomic stressors, physical, chemical, biological hazards

4 sources of hazards in the workplace

Physical hazard

Agent, factor or circumstance that could cause direct and immediate harm to the body

Chemical hazard

Comes from chemicals in a form of fumes, mist, solvents, suspended air, etc

Biological hazards

Comes from virus, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and even insect & animal bites

Ergonomic stressors

Might result to musculoskeletal disorders

Elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, ppe

Hierarchy of controls