Bio101 Review Sheet

These flashcards cover key concepts and facts from the Bio101 lecture notes, aiding in review and preparation for the exam.

Scientific Method

A systematic approach to understanding and investigating phenomena through observation, experimentation, and analysis.

Hypothesis

A testable and falsifiable statement predicting the outcome of a scientific experiment.

Independent Variable

The variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

Dependent Variable

The variable that is measured or observed in response to changes in the independent variable.

Metric System

A decimal-based system of measurement using units such as meter, liter, and gram, based on powers of ten.

Celsius

A temperature scale where 0°C is the freezing point of water and 100°C is the boiling point.

Compound Microscope

An optical instrument that uses multiple lenses to magnify small images, typically featuring three objectives: scanning, low power, and high power.

Total Magnification

Calculated by multiplying the eyepiece magnification by the objective lens magnification in a microscope.

Prokaryotic Cells

Simple, unicellular organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus, such as bacteria.

Eukaryotic Cells

Complex cells with a membrane-bound nucleus, found in organisms such as plants and animals.

Taxonomic Hierarchy

The classification system for organisms that ranks them from domain to species.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides.

Dehydration Synthesis

A chemical reaction that builds up molecules by losing water from the reacting molecules.

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction that breaks down compounds by the addition of water.

Amino Acids

The building blocks of proteins, which are linked together by peptide bonds.

Reagent for Simple Sugars

Benedict's solution, which changes color to indicate the presence of reducing sugars.

Reagent for Starch

Iodine solution, which turns blue-black in the presence of starch.

Eukaryotic Kingdoms

The four kingdoms of eukaryotic organisms include Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.

Nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material.

Lysosomes

Organelles containing digestive enzymes to break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Chloroplast

Organelles found in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body.

Lymphocytes

A type of white blood cell involved in the immune response.