October exam

What’s sublimation

Solid to gas without becoming a liquid

What’s 2 substances that sublime

Iodine and co2

what’s an atom, ion and molecule

Atom- smallest particle of matter that can exist by itself . Ion- atom or group of atom with a charge. Molecule- smallest particle of substance that has properties of substance

2 features of a solid , liquid or gas

Fixed shape fixed volume

What’s temperature mean

Average kinetic energy of molecules

What’s diffusion and osmosis

Diffusion-Movement from area of high concentration to area of lower concentration

Osmosis movement of water from area of high water concentration to area of lower water concentration across selectively permeable membrane

Draw table describing arrangement of particles in each phase

Solid: close and regular, vibrate in place

Liquid: close and random move around each other

Gas: far apart random move in straight line

What phase can be compressed

Gas

What’s passive mean

Doesn’t require energy

What’s the Greek elements

Earth wind Fire and Water

5 real elements known to ancients

, gold, silver, iron, silver , sulphur

What’s first alloy and how’s it made

Bronze, mixed melted copper and tin

Write table of all science people

Define matter

Anything with mass or takes up space

State law of conservation of matter

In chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed

List subatomic particles and their properties

Proton +1 charge mass 1 located in nucleus

Neutron 0 charge mass 1 in nucleus

Electron -1 mass p orbiting nucleus

Explain Rutherford discovery of the nuclear atom + diagram

Most pass through so mainly empty space so alpha particle positive some deflected so centre positive some reflected so centre very dense

Describe how an emission line spectrum is produced

E- in ground state right amount of energy jumps to higher level excited state unstable drops to lower energy level energy absorbed to make jump released as photon frequency depends on difference in energy levels e2 =excited state e1 =ground state h is planks constant f is frequency of light

What’s energy level

She’ll which electrons of equal energy can occupy

Energy level and what’s called

N=2 called Balmer series

2 ways to excite e-

High temp high voltage

Define orbital

Region in space around a nucleus where there is a high probability of finding an electron

Draw a set of p orbitals

Draw the order of filling of sublevel

State hunds rule of maximum multiplicity

Orbitals are filled singly and then in pairs

State the Pauli exclusion principle

Each orbital can hold up 2 electrons but must have opposite spins

What is atomic radius

Half distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element joined by a single covalent bond

How does it change going across a period

Decreases / increasing nuclear charge no increase in shielding effect

How does it change going down a group

Increases new shell added

Why are noble gases not always shown in atomic radius

Don’t bond

How does atomic radius of a positive ion compare to that of the parent atom

Smaller increase effective nuclear charge

How does atomic radius of a negative ion compare to that of a parent atom

Increases