Vocab Set | Module 2.8 [Intelligence] | AP Psych Unit 2

Intelligence

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations, varying across different areas of strength.

General Intelligence (g)

A concept introduced by Charles Spearman, referring to a broad mental capacity that underlies and influences performance across various cognitive tasks.

Intelligence Quotient

A standardized measure of intelligence based on tests designed to assess cognitive abilities relative to others, with an average score of 100.

Mental Age

A concept developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon that measures a child’s intellectual performance compared to the average performance of children in the same age group.

Chronological Age

The actual age of an individual measured in years from their birth date, used to compare with mental age in intelligence testing.

Standardization

The process of establishing uniform testing procedures and meaningful score comparisons by testing a representative pretested group.

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Construct Validity

The degree to which a measurement tool accurately measures the concept or construct it is intended to assess.

Predictive Validity

The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; assessed by computing correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.

Reliability

The consistency and stability of test results over time and across different situations.

Test-Retest Reliability

The consistency of test results when the same test is administered to the same group of people at two different points in time.

Split-Half Reliability

A method of testing the consistency of a test by splitting it into two halves and comparing the scores on each half.

Stereotype Threat

A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

Stereotype Lift

The boost in performance that occurs when individuals are reminded of positive stereotypes about their group.

Flynn Effect

The observed increase in average IQ scores over time across generations, first identified by James Flynn in 1984, indicating that human intelligence, as measured by IQ tests, has improved over the years.

Achievement Tests

Measure mastery of knowledge, assessing what someone has learned.

Aptitude Tests

Designed to predict a person’s future performance or capacity to learn.

Fixed Mindset

The belief that abilities and intelligence are static and cannot be changed through effort or learning.

Growth Mindset

The belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication, effort, and learning.