Studied by 5 people
the World Health Organization definition of health encompasses what?
absence of chronic disease
the World Health Organization's definition of health?
takes into account mental and social well-being as well as physical well-being
the tendency for body systems to interact and to maintain a constant physiological state is?
homeostasis
what are the three common models used to describe health?
the medical model, the wellness model, and the environmental model
the holistic view of health?
views health as the totality of a person's existence
according to the holistic view, symptoms of illness and disease may be viewed as?
an imbalance in a person's total state of being
headaches are most often caused by?
emotional stress
the surest way to prevent headaches is to?
identify and eliminate sources of stress
the practice of holistic medicine is based on the idea that?
practitioners should look not only at a person's symptoms, but also at sources of stress that have caused disharmony
the holistic approach to health emphasizes all of the following except?
treatment of symptoms and diseases
in the holistic view, the health of a population is assessed in terms of?
the overall physical, psychological, social, and environmental well-being of everyone
today, most of the serious illnesses among Americans are caused by?
personal lifestyles
the most effective agent of health and wellness is?
each individual person
healthy people 2010 has three goals?
increase life expectancy, improve quality of life, and eliminate health disparities
the transtheoretical model includes what steps?
contemplation, maintenance, and termination
the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are?
sympathetic and parasympathetic
psychosomatic illness?
comes from the Latin terms for mind and body
illnesses caused by negative mental states that harmfully change physiology are called?
psychosomatic illnesses
psychosomatic illnesses are caused by?
negative mental states such as stress or emotional upset
the healing that results from a person's belief in substances or treatments that have no medicinal value in themselves is called?
placebo effect
the placebo effect?
has shown strong effectiveness for those suffering from depression
which condition can a placebo effect account for as much as 75% of any relief experienced?
depression
an internally repeated sound that is focused on during meditation is called?
mantra
a stressor is?
a circumstance or event that produces disruptions in mind-body harmony
Stress in the form of positive life changes is?
known as eustress
the stress that results from challenging situations is called?
eustress
a situation that produces stress is called?
stressor
the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire?
assigns stress ratings to common life changes
the flight-or-fight response?
occurs without conscious control
as part of GAS, in the stage of alarm?
the body's normal resistance to stress is lowered
in the stage of exhaustion?
illness occurs
the most effective lifestyle change for dealing with stress is to?
replace stressful ways of living with beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that promote mind-body harmony
human beings have two main kinds of needs?
maintenance need and growth needs
physiological needs include which of the following?
pain avoidance
What are defense mechanisms?
repression, denial, and rationalization
common defense mechanisms to prevent emotional upset are?
repression and denial
agoraphobia is fear of?
open spaces
Mysophobia is fear of?
dirt and germs
depression is characterized by?
psychological, behavioral, and physical symptoms
individuals who experienced periods of depression followed by periods of euphoria suffer from?
bipolar disorder
the basic biological function of sleep and dream is?
not yet known
What are parasomnias?
nightmares, sleepwalking, and sleep apnea
dreaming occurs during?
REM sleep
mental disorders can be caused by?
a chemical imbalance, an injury, or genetic disorders
because nutritious food tends to be readily accessible to most Americans, food choices are often influenced by?
food fads, cultural, familial, and ethnic practices, and social factors
poor nutrition increases the risk of?
high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and obesity
proteins are made up of smaller units called?
amino acids
a health risk associated with consumption of large amounts of meat is?
cancer of the colon
what is a complex carbohydrate?
starch
linoleic acid?
is an essential fatty acid and can be found in vegetable oils
the one essential fat required in the diet is?
linoleic acid
about how many Americans are overweight?
two-thirds
standards of desirable body weight vary by?
culture
the energy equivalent of a pound of body fat is how many calories?
3,500
appetite suppressant drugs are?
not regulated so there is no guarantee that they will work
anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is?
fatal in 15% to 20% of cases
a measure of the amount of energy expended per day over and above that required for basal or resting metabolism is?
FITT
FITT stands for what?
Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
which is not a component of physical activity?
ability
pushing against an immovable object to develop muscle strength is called?
isometric training
athletes take anabolic steroids to?
increase muscle mass and stamina
biological sex is determined by?
sex chromosomes
what are some male secondary sexual characteristic?
facial hair, slim hips, and pubic hair
fertilization of the ovum takes place in the?
fallopian tubes
what is another secondary sex characteristic found in a male?
body hair
a good treatment for a mild case of urethritis or cystitis is to?
drink plenty of fluids, especially fruit juices
menopause signifies?
a change in physiology resulting from diminished production of ovarian hormones
what partners expect in a relationship is highly influenced by?
traditional sex-role stereotypes, how relationships are portrayed in the media, and their parents
metamessage refers to?
implicit messages about the reason for the communication and how the message should be interpreted
human chorionic gonadotropin is?
a hormone unique to pregnancy
the hormones that prepare a woman's body for pregnancy are?
estrogen and progesterone
what confirms that a woman is pregnant?
the presence of the hormone HCG in her urine
fertilization usually takes place in the?
Fallopian tubes
cigarette smoking by expectant mothers is associated with?
low birth weight, cleft lip and palate, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
during the second stage of childbirth?
the baby is born
the advantages of breastfeeding include?
transfer of immunity, low expense, and no preparation of bottles and formula
what is not a benefit of breast milk?
it stimulates the mother's own immune defenses and protects her from infections
the risk of fatal blood clots and heart attack is greater for women who?
are over age 35, take the pill, and smoke
using oral contraceptives increases a woman's risk of?
fatal blood clots and heart attacks
which is not a barrier method of contraception?
IUD
a vasectomy involves?
cutting the two vas deferens
the most common symptom of trichomoniasis is?
cheesy, odorous discharge from the vagina
the cause of gonorrhea is?
bacteria
gonorrhea?
is easily treated with antibiotics
herpes infection?
is extremely contagious when a sore is present
the human papillomavirus (HPV) causes?
anogenital warts
when individuals first become infected with HIV, the first symptoms likely will be?
flulike symptoms
globally, infectious diseases?
remains the most common cause of death
etiology refers to the?
cause of disease
immune system cells are transported to all parts of the body through?
the lymphatic system
specialized cells that attack foreign substances upon recognizing the foreign surface antigens are called?
T-lymphocytes
T-cells work by?
attaching directly to invading cells and making them inactive
allergies?
can be caused by a person's emotional and mental states
severe allergic reactions can produce?
anaphylactic shock
autoimmune diseases are the result of?
antibodies attacking the body's own cells
the process of detachment from an original site of cancer to other locations in the body is?
metastasis
most cancers are?
carcinomas
metastasis is?
when cancer cells travel from one part of the body to another
cancer that originates in connective tissue us called?
sarcoma
about 80% to 90% of all cancers are caused by?
environment
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