Psy 150 Test #3

Brooke is a developmental psychologist at USA College. Which of the following is Brooke most likely to study?

the ways in which children differ from adults in their thought processes

Which of the following domains of development relates to changes in levels of hormone and growth of the body, including the brain?

physical domain

The - domain relates to how we think, reason, and communicate.

cognitive

The first cell of new life, which is created from the union of the sperm and the egg, is known as

a zygote

A baby is developing in his or her mother's womb will begin developing lungs during the - period.

embryonic

Becca is at her regular prenatal checkup. The doctor tells her, "The organs are highly developed and now we mainly want the baby to gain weight." Based on this, Becca's baby is currently in the ________ stage of development.

fetal

Nicholas is an infant researcher and wants to use the strange-situation test in his work. Nicholas is most likely interested in seeing

how infants respond to separation and reunion with caregivers

While he was in the waiting room at the doctor's office, Arthur tries to classify infants' attachment based on their behavior. He is certain that the baby girl sitting across from him is securely attached because she

explores the unfamiliar room and the objects in it while staying staying in view of her mother.

While visiting your friend and her one-year-old son, Ian, you notice that Ian does not get upset when his mother leaves the room and he is alone with you, a stranger. In addition, Ian ignores his mother when she comes back into the room. Based on this, Ian's attachment style to his mother would most likely be described as

avoidant

Eleven-month-old Luis watches as his mother comes in and out his bedroom while she is putting away laundry. Luis does not get upset when his mother leaves the room since he seems to know that his mother is still in the house, even if he cannot see her. Luis is demonstrating which of the following?

object permanence

Five- year-old Maria and three-year-old Fatima love to play hide-and-seek together. However, when Fatima has to "hide", she usually walks to a corner of the playground and cover her eyes. What is Fatima demonstrating in this situation?

egocentrism

Darryl thinks that playing peek-a-boo is hilarious! He does not know where his mom goes during the game, but it excites him when he sees her face again. Darryl is most likely in Piaget's ________ stage of development.

sensorimotor

A child is playing at the beach. She pours an equal amount of sand into both a short, fat container and a tall, thin container. When asked which container holds more sand, the child points to the tall, thin container. This response suggests that she id most likely in the - stage of cognitive development.

preoperational

Kane and MJ are sitting across from each other drawing pictures of their family room. When asked to draw the family room from MJ's perspective, Kane draws a picture of what he can see himself. Kane is likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development.

preoperational

Evan is in preschool and uses overregularization when speaking. Which of the following is he most likely to say?

"He hitted me with a stick."

Robby is 11 months old and has begun making speech sounds like "baba" and "momo." On the other hand, 16-month-old Rebecca can produce two-word sentences like "Daddy eat" and "Mama give." Robby's speech is ________, whereas Rebecca's speech is ________.

babbling; telegraphic

Monique has noticed some hair growing on her armpits and that she is accumulating fat on her hips. These changes Monique is experiencing are most likely related to

puberty

Twelve-year-old Teetham spent the whole summer at camp. When he returned home, his parents were surprised that he was taller, more muscular, and his voice had deepened. These physical changes are examples of which of the following?

secondary sex characteristics

According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, individuals experience the crisis of - during the adolescent years, where they face the challenges of addressing questions about who they are.

identity versus role confusion

Which of the following life periods make up most of our life span?

adulthood

Jonathan has noticed that even though he lifts the same amount of weights each week, he is losing muscle mass and putting on a few extra pounds. Jonathan is most likely _______ years old.

35

Recently, Toafik has started to squint to see clearly and has noticed that his body does not process alcohol of junk very well. What period is Toafik most likely experiencing?

middle adulthood

Joe is nearing the end of his life. He reflects on his past, focusing on how he spent his whole life working long hours at his job. As a result, he is struggling with whether his life has been well lived. Joe is most likely experiencing the ________ stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.

integrity versus despair

Throughout most of his life, Belssie's grandfather had always been able to take care of himself. However, recently, he has been forgetting to take his medications regularly regularly and has trouble remembering whether he has showered or eaten a meal. According to his doctors, he is most likely experiencing

dementia

Sampson is a physician who sees many elderly patients. He is likely to notice decreases in their cognitive functioning in all of the following ways EXCEPT

knowledge of basic facts

in explaining other people's behavior, the tendency to over emphasize personality traits and underestimate situational factors is referred to as the

fundamental attribution error

The main reason that people make attributions that reflect the just world hypothesis is that these explanations

make them feel safer

When Larry forgets to buy milk at the grocery store, he says, "I forgot milk because I was thinking about picking my daughter up from school." When Larry's wife forgets to buy milk, Larry says, "She forgot milk at the store because she's an airhead." This is an example of

actor/observer bias

Paul was recently attacked when he was walking home from a bar. Jenna believes that Paul must have done something to deserve or provoke the attack. Jenna's explanation is an example of the

just world hypothesis

Inga is participating in a debate. In reviewing her performance, Inga will most likely attribute her own errors to ________ and her opponent's errors to ________.

noise from the crowd; lack of preparation

It is not uncommon for us to hold stereotypes toward people. The main advantage of forming a stereotype is that it ________. The main disadvantage is that it ________.

allows for rapid mental processing; can potentially lead to errors

When attitudes influence feelings and behavior on an unconscious level they are called ___ attitudes

implicit

The more that Edward sees Bella on campus, the more positive his attitudes become toward her. Edward's attitude is becoming more positive with every encounter because of

the mere exposure effect

Susan is looking at a photograph of herself taken by a friend and deciding whether she should use the true photographic image or the mirror image as the wallpaper on her smartphone. According to social psychology research, Susan will most likely prefer the - image because of -.

mirror, the mere exposure effect.

Lisa believes that drinking alcohol is wrong. However, her boyfriend, Mike, likes to drink beer after work. Instead of breaking up with Mike, she decides that drinking alcohol is not so bad after all. Lisa's attitude most likely changed because of

cognitive dissonance

Two women, Jackie and Roberta, ask Katie out. Although she likes both of them, Katie decides to go out with Jackie. Afterward, she starts to notice more positive qualities about Jackie and more negative qualities about Roberta. Katie's new attitude is most likely a result of

post decisional dissonance

An active and conscious effort to change an attitude by sending a message is referred to as

persuasion

According to the elaboration likelihood model, persuasion occurs through the - routes.

central and peripheral

Elena is working on a team project for her computer science class. Although the entire team is responsible for the project, some people do not feel responsible for contributing to it. Because of this, some team members do not complete their assigned tasks. This is most likely due to

social loafing

Jay has been preparing for a presentation in his public speech course. Jay performs much better in class when his classmates are present than when he practices the speech alone. Jay's better performance in class is likely due to

social facilitation

Which of the following social psychology principles is illustrated in the Stanford prison?

People will behave according to their social roles in a situation

Mr. Lahore hired four college students to paint his house. Given what you know about social loafing, which set of conditions is likely to produce the best work by the group of students?

Each student paints one room by himself or herself

When we conform or go along with what the group does because we want to be liked, it is often due to ______ influence.

normative

When all participants in her class said they liked to dance, Jill reported liking to dance, too, even though she dislikes dancing. The way Jill reported an opinion that differed from her private preferences about dancing so that her opinion matched that of her classmates is an example of

conformity

Professor Leeds asked his students to sign a petition for a community center. Later, he asked the students who signed the petition if they would come to the center and tutor a child. Professor Leeds has just used what technique to get the students to help?

foot-in-the-door

Which of the following is the main conclusion from Milgram's shock experiment?

ordinary people will do terrible things if ordered to do so by authority

Flora's car breaks down, leaving her stranded on the highway in the middle of rush hour. As more and more cars drive past her, Flora is surprised that no one stops to help her. The fact that other drivers fail to help Flora is most likely explained by

the bystander intervention effect

Margo is a new college student. According to research, with whom is Margo most likely to become friends?

Matt, the boy who lives down the hall who she sees everyday

Research on interpersonal attraction has shown the people will be more attracted to each other if

their backgrounds, interests, and values are very similar

Love that is a state of intense longing and desire is ________ love. Love that is a strong commitment to care for and support a partner is ________ love.

passionate; compassionate