human body

vit a

healthy skin and eyesight

night blindness

vit c

healthy skin teeth and gums

scurvy

vit d and calcium

strong bones and teeth

rickets

peristalsis

wave or circular muscles contracting to push food along the gut

testosterone

testes

controls development of secondary male characteristics

progesterone

ovaries

regulates menstrual cycle

maintains lining of uterus

oestrogen

ovaries

controls secondary female characteristics

thickens vaginal wall

phagocytes

engulf pathogen

secrete enzymes to break down pathogen

lymphocytes

detect foreign pathogens

release antibodies which bind to antigens

produce memory cells

red blood cells

biconcave

no nucleus

smaller

haemoglobin

breathing after exercising

shortage of oxygen

repay oxygen debt

remove lactic acid

anaerobic respiration

effect of exercise on breathing rate

breathing rate increases

muscles respire more

more o2 needed to remove co2

too hot

lots of sweat

blood vessels widen - vasodilate

hairs lie flat

too cold

very little sweat

blood vessels constrict - vasoconstrict

you shiver

hairs stand up

fementers

cleaned with steam

cleaned to prevent contamination

paddles stir

oxygen bubbled in for respiration

cooling jacket controls temp

ph probe controls ph

liquid culture medium supplied for nutrients for growth

bile produced

liver

bile stored

gall bladder

nervous system

electrical impulses

neurones transmit impulses

short term

voluntary or involuntary

localised

fast

hormonal system

chemical messengers

transmitted in blood stream

long term effects

involuntary

wide spread

slow

forming of a caterax

less light into eye

less light to retina

less impulses down optic nerve

dont see as much

blurry eye