bio 311c exam 3 learning outcomes

condensation

creation of polymer from two monomers where water molecule are released

hydrolysis

breaking apart a polymer into 2 monomers by adding water molecule

3 components of every nucleotide

• nitrogenous base

• pentose sugar

• phosphate group

how is nitrogenous base attached to sugar?

covalently bonded to the 1’C of the sugar pentose

how is phosphate group covalently bonded to sugar?

covalently bonded to the 5’C of the sugar pentose

ribose

OH group attached to 2’C of sugar pentose

deoxyribose

H group attached to the 2’C of the sugar pentose

purines

double ringed

• ex: adenine (A) and guanine (G)

pyrimidines

single ringed

• ex: cystine (C), thymine (T, in DNA), uracil (U, in RNA)

DNA nucleotide composition

sugar pentose: deoxyribose, H group attached to 2’C

bases involved: adenine (A), thymine (T), cystine (C), guanine (G)

RNA nucleotides

sugar pentose: ribose, OH group attached to a 2’C

bases involved: adenine (A), uracil (U), cystine (C), guanine (G)

essential properties of molecule heredity

• sufficient variability to store information

• able to make copies of the information

• information must be accessible for gene expression