SOCIETY

environment

→ live in a heavily polluted environment

→ give rise to several environmental problems

→ contaminate their surrounding environments

contaminate ~ make sth (place / people’s attitudes) in a bad way

traffic

→ huge traffic volumes

the number of vehicles ~ khối lượng giao thông

→ reduce traffic congestion

contaminate

= pollute

(v) /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/

contaminate sth // be contaminated by/with sth

• Industrial waste can contaminate rivers and lakes, posing a serious threat to aquatic life.

inhale

= breath in

>< exhale

(v) /ɪnˈheɪl/

• People living near industrial zones often inhale toxic fumes on a daily basis.

respiratory

(adj) /ˈrespərətɔːri/

connected w breathing

• Air pollution can cause serious respiratory problems, especially in children and the elderly.

→ respiratory system // disease // infection // issue/problem

overpopulation

→ ease urban overpoplation

polution

→ increased pollution

→ combat pollution

housing

→ reduce housing shortages

→ housing prices: fall

crime

→ higher crime rates

climate change

→ address climate change

resources

→ overexploitation of natural resources

for production

→ Raw materials

→ Minerals

→ Fuels

infrastructure

deforestation

→ to make room / way for the construction / expansion of factories / infrastructure

expansion /ɪkˈspænʃn/ ~ make sth increase

→ infrastructure is less developed

waste management

→ use / adopt varied waste treatment methods

→ poor waste management

→ improper waste treatment systems

improper ~ wrong

trash - water

→ release / discharge / dispose of sth

→ untreated / toxic / harmful / hazardous / dangerous / poisonous + waste / disposal / substances // chemicals

→ into nearby / surrounding areas // water bodies such as lakes or rivers // ocean

→ sector with potentially harmful production activities

poisonous ~ mang độc

substances ~ chất / phần chủ yếu / của cải

potentially ~ possibly /ˈpɑːsəbli/

throwaway

→ promotes consumerism

→ throwaway society

buy more & discard / throw away more

non-renewable product

→ disposable products / item

→ single-use

→ non-degradable

→ made from plastic/ plastic packaging

• plastic / steel

• this bag // this type of containers // this material

disposable ~ dùng 1 lần

landfill

→ end up in / overwhelm massive landfills

→ leak toxic substances into the environment / soil pollution

marine

→ a disaster for marine life in the whole region

recycle (actions)

→ promote the use of recycled materials

→ channel more funding into recycling technology

→ subsidize the research process / businesses operating in this field

green ..

→ Encourage businesses to adopt cleaner technologies

→ Promote a shift in green initiatives over time

recycle (products)

the majority of products these days are not

→ be properly recycled

→ non-eco-friendly products / materials

→ single-use

→ non-biodegradable

→ recycled

biodegradable /ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/ ~ be changed by the action of bacteria to a natural state/ that will not harm the environment

barrier

→ have introduced low barriers for environmentally unfriendly industries

/ˈbæriər/ (n)

1. prevents people from moving forward ~ rào cản / cửa khẩu

• Lack of confidence is a psychological barrier to success.

community

→ support the communities

homeless

→ homelessness: decline

gap

→ narrow the wealth gap between

urban and rural populations

→ promote social equality

bury

→ bury waste underground

bury STH

emission

→ release emissions

increase

• increase

• rise

• go up

• grow

decrease

• decrease

• decline

• go down

• drop

farming …

• Apply more organic farming methods

• Use less pesticides / chemicals

• use more eco-friendly fertilizer (phân bón)

• Stricter regulations to protect wildlife like planting trees and avoid POACHING ~ săn bắn