Kinesiology Vocab and Notes -- Unit 5 p.1

Cardiovascular System

What system is the heart apart of?

• Supplies muscles and organs with oxygen and nutrients

• removes co2 and moves blood cells and hormones.

What Is the primary role of the CV system?

The mediastinum—an area in the thoracic cavity

Where is the heart located?

Diaphragm

What is the most important skeletal muscle in the body?

Heart

What is the most important muscle in the body?

Pericardium

What layer of the heart is this?

• A sac that surrounds the heart

• Fibrous and serous pericardium

Endocardium

What layer of the heart is this?

• Thin, smooth membrane

• Deepest layer—Forms the surface of the valves

Epicardium

What layer of the heart is this?

• Visceral layer of serous pericardium

• Most artificial layer

myocardium

What layer of the heart is this?

• Cardiac muscle—responsible for contracting the heart for cardiac pump

4 chambers

How many chambers of the heart are there?

Right Atrium

• Pumps blood to the right ventricle

• Slightly larger than the left atrium

Left Atrium

• Smaller atrium

• More muscular than right atrium

Right Ventricle

• Slightly smaller than left ventricle

• Pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation

Left Ventricle

• Larger than right ventricle

• More muscular as it pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body

4 valves

How many valves do we have?

Tricupid Valve

• Located between the heart’s two right chambers

• 3 flaps (cusps/leaflets) open to let blood move to the lower right ventricle

Bicuspid Valve (mitral valve)

• regulates blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle

• Left side

Pulmonic Valve

• Structure and function

• Enables deoxygenated blood to be pumped from the right ventricle to the pulmonary circulation

Aortic Valve

• lets blood flow from your left ventricle to your aorta by opening and closing

Superior Vena Cava

• Blood from above the neck enters through this entry

Inferior Vena Cava

• Blood below the heart enters from this entry

Pulmonary Artery (Pulmonary Trunk)

Takes deoxygenated blood away from the heart

• only time arteries carry deoxygenated blood

Pulmonary Vein

Brings oxygenated blood back to the heart

• Only time veins carry oxygenated blood

Septum

The wall separating the right and left side of the heart

Auricles

Act as reservoirs to help hold more blood

Apex

The tip of the heart where we take the apical pulse

• point of strongest contraction/maximal impulse

Base

Superior to the apex

• major blood vessels are attached (superior vena cava and pulmonary trunk)

• Pumps blood to the lungs

• Holds deoxygenated blood

What does the RIGHT SIDE of the heart do?

• Pumps blood to the body

• Holds oxygenated blood

What does the LEFT SIDE of the heart do?

heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing

What does the Medulla oblongata control?

• Involuntary actions

1. SA Node

2. AV Node

3. Bundle of His

4. Purkinje Fibers

What is the order of the cardiac conduction system?

Sinus Atrial Node (SA)

Pace-maker for the heart, collects beat signal from brain

• Controls the RATE of the heartbeat (60-100 is average)

Atrioventricular Node

Conducts impulses from the atria to the ventricles

• Doesn't fire until the atria are EMPTY

Bundle of His

Carries electrical signals from AV Node to the Right and Left purkinje fibers

Purkinje Fibers

Allows for synchronized contractions of its ventricles by carrying the electrical signal to them

• Essential for consistent heart rhythm

1. Blood enters RIGHT ATRIUM from superior/inferior Vena cava (deoxygenated)

2. Blood is passed to RIGHT VENTRICLE through TRISCUPID VALVE

3. Blood exits right ventricle through PULMONARY ARTERY and enters the lungs

4. Blood (oxygenated) renters through PULMONARY VEIN into LEFT ATRIUM

5. Blood enters LEFT VENTRICLE through BISCUPID VALVE

6. Left Ventricle pumps blood to the entire body through the AORTIC VALVE

What is the sequence of a drop of blood in the heart?