The Role of the Catholic Church and the Crusades in the High Middle Ages

These flashcards cover the key concepts discussed in the lecture regarding the role of the Catholic Church, the Investiture Controversy, the Crusades, and their implications for medieval society and future developments in Europe.

What role did the pope play in the authority during the High Middle Ages?

The pope had significant authority, evidenced by the crowning of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor.

What was the Investiture Controversy?

The Investiture Controversy was a conflict over who had the right to appoint bishops—a power struggle between the pope and secular leaders.

Who solved the dispute between the pope and the Holy Roman Emperor regarding bishop investiture?

A noblewoman was called to mediate the dispute, and she sided with the pope, reinforcing his authority.

What was the Reconquista?

The Reconquista was the process of reclaiming territory in Spain that had been conquered by Muslim forces, lasting until the late 15th century.

How did the Catholic Church respond to violence among knights during the High Middle Ages?

The Church introduced policies like the Peace of God and the Truce of God to limit violence.

What significant military force emerged in the 11th century that targeted the Byzantine Empire?

The Seljuk Turks emerged as a new and militaristic force threatening the Byzantine Empire.

What was Pope Urban II's response to the Byzantine Emperor's request for help against the Turks?

Pope Urban II initially refused to aid the Byzantine Emperor because of the schism between the Orthodox and Catholic churches.

What prompted Pope Urban II to call for the First Crusade?

The Seljuk Turks barred Catholic pilgrims from Jerusalem, prompting Urban II to mobilize a crusade to reclaim the holy city.

What does the term 'infidel' mean in the context of the Crusades?

'Infidel' refers to an unbeliever, and it was used derogatorily to describe Muslims during the Crusades.

What were the Knights Templar's primary responsibilities?

The Knights Templar were established to protect pilgrims traveling to the holy lands.

What did the Crusaders do to many non-combatants during the siege of Jerusalem in 1099?

The Crusaders killed many non-combatants, including Jews and different Christian sects.

What did the Crusaders first attack prior to the actual Crusade?

Before heading to the Holy Land, some Crusaders attacked Jewish communities in Europe.

What major cultural exchange occurred as a result of the Crusades?

The Crusades led to the exchange of knowledge in medicine, science, and philosophy from the Muslim world to Europe.

What was the legacy of the Crusades regarding education in Europe?

The 12th century saw educational flourishing in Europe as a result of knowledge acquired from the Muslim world during the Crusades.