Biology Exam #1

Biology

study of life

The Properties of life

-composed of cells

-complex and ordered

-Respond to environment

-can grow and reproduce

-obtain and use energy

-main internal balance

-allow evolutionary adaptation

cell

Basic and smallest unit of life

Life

is complex and organized in hierarchical levels

Hierarchical levels

Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere

Emergent Properties

New properties present at one level that are not seen in the pervious level.

the scientific method

Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction, Design(expirnment), data collection, Analysis, Interpretation

Parts of a scientific paper

abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion

abstract

provide complete summary of paper

Introduction

provides background information and lists hypothesis or predictions

methods

details of the experiment

Results

section provides the results of the study.

discussion

interprets the result/places then into the boarder context of the literature

Hypothesis

a possible explaination of an observation

3 things a hypothesis must have:

- must be tested to deretermine its vaildity

- often tested in many different ways

- allows for predictions to be made

A hypothesis can never be proven...

It can only be acccepted or regected

A scientific theory

-a body of interconnected concepts

-supported by much evidence and reasoning

-expresses ideas of which we are most certain

Primary Sources/ literature

report original findings and ideas

Secondary Sources/literature

put together from primary sources / literature (a review)

peer review process

scientist-editor-reviewer (and back)

Science

process that involves hypothesis-prediction approach

Technology

tools, products, often derived from science.

Ecology

The study of how organisms relate to one another and to their environment

Biotic environment

other organisms (living)

Abiotic Environment

non-living (ex. light, water, temp.)

Homeostasis

a steady-state internal environment regardless of external environment

warm blooded animals - Endotherm

steady internal environment if outside changes.

cold blooded animals - Ectotherm

body temp depends on weather its cold or hot outside (they match)

Physiological Response

is quick, involuntary response of body, (ex. sweating, shivering)

morphological capabilities

slower, what they look like,(ex. thick coat during winter)

Behavioral Response

what they do, (ex. moving from one habitat to another)

Population

groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

what are the two important questions about a species?

What Species

Where are they?

Demography

quantitative study of populations

- # of individuals in a population & how it changes

- how population size changes through time

demography questions

are they reproducing?

health of species?

How is system changing?

extinction?

two types of population growth

exponential and logistic

exponential growth

(no limits)

logistic growth

(limited)

Increase

births

decrease

deaths

carrying capacity

The largest population that an area can support

r = ( b-d ) + ( i-e )

- R = growth rate

- b = birth rate

- d = death rate

- i = immigration

- e = emigration