Chemistry Honors Topic: Density, Energy, and their effects on the Earth

I'm gonna kms

Convection

Convection

How heat is transferred through fluids

Continental Crust

the thick layer of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks that makes up our land, older and more complex than oceanic crust

Oceanic Crust

the thin layer of mafic rock like basalt, troctolite, and gabbro. younger than continental crust because it goes towards the mantle during subduction and gets recycled. goes towards the mantle during subduction because oceanic crust is more dense than continental

Continental Drift

continents moving over time

Asthenosphere

the upper layer of the mantle below the lithosphere where convection is thought to occur

Lithosphere

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

Constructive Mechanism

divergent plate boundary, when new crust is being made

Destructive Mechanism

convergent plate boundary (subduction is part of convergent)

Sea Floor

the floor of the ocean/sea

What are all of the Earths layers called?

Inner Core, Outer Core, Lower Mantle, Upper Mantle, Crust

What are all of the plate boundaries called?

convergent, divergent, subduction, transform

What are the geographical features?

mountain, valley, plateau, trench, mid-ocean ridge, seamount, volcano, island chains/arc

What geographical features does subduction make?

Volcanoes and trenches

What geographical features does convergence make?

Volcanoes, Trenches, Island Arcs/chains, Mountains

What geographical features does divergence make?

Volcanoes, Rift Valley, Mid-Ocean Ridge

What geographical features are constructive?

Valley, Volcanoes, Mid Ocean Ridges, Rift valley, Island Arc/chains

What geographical features are destructive?

Volcanoes, Mountains, Seamount, Trench

What is the relative amount of time it takes to produce geographical features?

compared to a human lifetime, geographical features are very slow to produce

Connect convection that is being facilitated by density differences to plate movement

What moves plates is the convection currents in the mantle becauses as the mantle nears the Earth’s core it’ll get warmer so thermal expansion makes it less dense and it’ll rise and once it’s in the upper mantle it’ll cool down and come back down because it’s denser

Explain why geographical processes take varying amounts of time (explain C-level c)

Different geographical features are made by different geographical processes so they would take varying amounts of time depending on the process.

Connect KMT and density particle diagrams to the formation of features on the Earth’s crust

Convection currents make the features on the earth’s crust. Convection currents are currents in a fluid that result from convection. Convection is how heat is transferred through fluids. As heat is being transferred, the particles go through thermal expansion and spread out due to the heat and the volume would increase because particles got spread out then the particles would rise to the upper mantle because of the density decreased. The upper mantle is not as hot, so the particles would cool down and go through thermal compaction, then the density would increase and the particles would sink causing a cycle.

Connect geographic processes to carbon or rock cycling

Volcanic eruptions release large quantities of CO₂ and other gases into the atmosphere, which is a natural source of carbon in the carbon cycle. This can affect global temperatures and climate due to the greenhouse effect of CO₂.