Introduction to the Brain and Cranial Nerves

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture on the brain and cranial nerves.

Cerebrum

The largest part of the brain responsible for higher mental functions and controlling voluntary movement.

Cerebellum

The second largest part of the brain that coordinates repetitive body movements.

Diencephalon

Located under the cerebrum and cerebellum, it links the cerebrum with the brain stem and contains thalamus and hypothalamus.

Thalamus

A part of the diencephalon that relays and processes sensory information.

Hypothalamus

Regulates autonomic functions, hormone production, and emotions.

Medulla Oblongata

Connects the brain to the spinal cord, relays information, and regulates autonomic functions like heart rate and digestion.

Pons

Connects the cerebellum to the brain stem and is involved in somatic and visceral motor control.

Neural Cortex

The surface layer of gray matter in the cerebrum responsible for processing information.

Gyri

Elevated ridges or folds in the cerebral cortex that increase surface area.

Sulci

Shallow depressions in the cerebral cortex.

Ventricles

Chambers within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid that circulate nutrients and remove waste.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and nutrient transport.

Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)

A selective permeability barrier that protects the brain from potentially harmful substances in the bloodstream.

Cranial Nerves

Twelve pairs of nerves that emerge directly from the brain and serve various sensory and motor functions.

Autonomic Nuclei

Groups of nuclei in the medulla oblongata that control autonomic functions.

Reticular Formation

A network of nuclei in the brainstem that regulates arousal and consciousness.

Basal Nuclei

Masses of gray matter embedded in the white matter of the cerebrum, involved in motor control.

Limbic System

A set of brain structures involved in emotional processing, memory storage, and links between conscious and autonomic functions.

Cerebral Hemispheres

Two halves of the cerebrum that are separated by the longitudinal fissure, each has specialized functions.

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

A cranial nerve responsible for controlling tongue movements.

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)

A cranial nerve that is responsible for balance and hearing.