FRENCH REVOLUTION WHOLE UNIT

Spirit of the Laws published

1748

“liberty depends on each of the three powers being kept entirely separate”

Montesquieu - power

The Social Contract published

1762

“man is born free, and yet everywhere he is in fetters”

Rousseau - social contract

“undermined the ideological foundations”

Soboul - Enlightenment

Louis XVI crowned

10 May 1774

“the power to make laws belongs only to me”

Louis XVI - himself

American War of Independence

1776 - 1783

“inalienable rights” / “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

American Declaration of Independence

“no national bankruptcy, no increase of taxes, no new loans”

Turgot - economy

Turgot dismissed; replaced by Necker

12 May 1776

“opulence as a banker”

Doyle - Necker

227 million livres spent on the American War

1781 - economic

“to enjoy such a liberty, as would fit”

Comte de Segur - American War

“laid the foundations for another in France”

Young - American War

Compte Rendu Au Roi published

1781(politics)

“a carefully designed publicity measure”

Waller - Compte Rendu au Roi

112 million livre deficit, half of 1787’s income spent in advance

France by 1786

“their own cherished fiscal immunities were threatened”

Rude - Aristocratic Revolt

22 February - 25 May 1787

Assembly of Notables

“the Notables were the first revolutionaries”

Schama - Aristocratic Revolt

Paris Parlement remonstrated

2 July 1787

Lit de Justice declared invalid by the Paris Parlement

6 August 1787

“it is legal because I will it”

Louis XVI - royal session

Seance Royale to pass tax reforms

19 November 1787

Lit de Justice to reassert autocratic power

8 May 1788

France declared bankruptcy

August 1788

Louis calls for an Estates-General

8 August 1788

Louis stops all payments to the bureaucracy and army

16 August 1788

“so recently national heroes, now… treated with hostility and suspicion”

Doyle - Parlements on deciding form of the Estates-General

Second Assembly of Notables

6 - 12 November 1788

Lettres de Caches written

May - April 1789

What is the Third Estate published

January 1789

“…lucrative and honourary positions”

“common representation… constitutes one nation”

“is asking to be something”

What is the Third Estate - popular represenation

“a representation of… educated and wealthy bourgeois”

Adcock - Cahiers

Reveillon Riots

27 April 1789

“hoarding grain to… overthrow… M Necker”

Hardy - Reveillon

Estates-General opening ceremony

5 May 1789

“provoked it into exploding the institution altogether”

Schama - Third Estate in the Estates-General

“a trivial matter… setting a precedent”

Reese - Third Estate not verifying itself

“the gentlemen of the Commons invite… the Clergy… to meet them in their hall”

Target - Estates-General

Third Estate deputies rename themselves the Commons

27 May 1789

The Commons declare themselves the National Assembly

17 June 1789

“facilitated the momentous transfer of sovereignty”

Adcock - Sieyes

Royal Session to denounce the Commons

23 June 1789

“we will only go if we are driven out by bayonets”

Mirabeau - Seance Royale

Soldiers sent to block the National Assembly defect; “we too are citizens”

24 June 1789

Nobles join the National Assembly

25 June 1789

Louis XVI capitulates to the National Assembly’s demands

27 June 1789

“the whole revolution now seems over and… complete”

Arthur Young - Estates General

Troops ordered by Louis arrive in Paris

8 July 1789

“these preparations for war are obvious”

Mirabeau - troops arriving

Louis dismissed Necker

11 July 1789

“i would rather die than submit to servitude”

Desmoulins - Storming of Bastille

Storming of the Bastille

14 July 1789

“Paris was lost to the monarchy”

Schama - Bastille

“it is a revolt”/”no sire, it is a revolution”

Louis and Duc de Liancourt - Bastille

municipal government formed

13 July 1789

new national guard formed under Lafayette’s command

15 July 1789

the Great Fear

20 July - 6 August 1789

“the nobility were plotting to destroy the revolution”

Lefebvre - the great fear

Night of Patriotic Delirium

4 August 1789

“Louis XVI, restorer of French liberty”

National Assembly - Night of Patriotic Delirium

“the revolution is finished”

Robespierre, 11 August 1789

“won its victory over privilege and despotism”

Rude - Night of Patriotic Delirium

“marked the end of royal authority”

Doyle - Night of Patriotic Delirium

August Decrees

11 August 1789

Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen

26 August 1789

"a statement of bourgeois idealism”

Rude - DOTRMAC

National Constituent Assembly grants Louis XVI suspensive veto

11 September 1789

Fundamental Principles of Government

1 October 1789

October Days

5-6 October 1789

“constant motive… the need for cheap and plentiful bread”

Rude - popular movement

Royal Family and National Constituent Assembly moved to Paris

7 October 1789

“his own virtual imprisonment”

Schama - October Days

active and passive citizenry splits

29 October 1789

Church property nationalised

2 November 1789

Monastic vows suspended

13 February 1790

civil constitution of the clergy proclaimed

12 July 1790

Oath of the Clergy introduced

27 November 1790

“faithful to the nation, the law, and the king”

Clerical Oath

“effectively destroyed the revolutionary consensus”

Rees - Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Papal Bull Charitas

13 April 1791

“urge you not to abandon your religion… shun all invaders”

Papal Bull Charitas

Robespierre introduces self-denying ordinance

May 1791

Louis and royal family attempt to flee (Flight to Varennes)

20 June 1791

“revealed his true colours”

Soboul - Flight to Varennes

Louis XVI and his family are captured at Varennes after attempting to flee

21 June 1791

Padua Circular - called for European states to form a union

6 July 1791

Champ de Mars Massacre

17 July 1791

50 killed, 12 wounded

consequences of the Champs De Mars Massacre

Declaration of Pillnitz

27 August 1791

Constitution of 1791 finished

3 September 1791

“ambiguous… in wording”

McPhee - 1791 Constitution

King Louis formally accepts the 1791 Constitution

13 September 1791

National Constituent Assembly holds its final meeting

30 September 1791

Decree calling for the return of Emigres, or they would be charged with conspiracy

9 November 1791

Declaration of war against Austria

20 April 1792

“war dramatically altered the… direction of revolution”

Adcock - war

“raised both stakes and fear”

Furet - war