Music 2: Afro-Latin American and Popular Music

• Indigenous

• Spanish-Portuguese

• African

What are the three major influences?

Indigenous

Native drum and percussion instruments used for religious worship and ceremonies, celebrating harvest and seasonal events.

Spanish-Portuguese

European colonizers brought Renaissance melodies and musical structures that shaped regional characteristics.

African

Rich rhythmic patterns from drums and percussion created the foundation for Latin America's distinctive beats.

1. Indigenous Latin-American Music

2. Native American/ Indian Music

3. Afro-Latin American Music

4. Euro-Latin American Music

5. Mixed American Music

Influences of Latin American Music

Indigenous Latin-American Music

The indigenous music of Latin America was largely functional in nature, being used for religious worships and ceremonies

Native American/ Indian Music

Songs had a wide range of volume levels. Songs celebrate themes like harvest, planting season or other important events or occasions of the year

Afro-Latin American Music

The African influence on Latin American music is most pronounced in its rich and varied rhythmic patterns produced by drums and various percussion instruments.

Euro-Latin American Music

Adopted various characteristics from their European colonizers. Melodies of the Renaissance period were used in Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific coasts.

Mixed American music

The result of the massive infusion of African culture also brought about the introduction of other music and dance forms such as the Afro-Cuban rumba, Jamaican Reggae, Colombian cumbia, samba.

1. Samba

2. Son

3. Salsa

What are the popular Latin American musical styles?

Samba

African-Brazilian dance form from Rio de Janeiro's working districts, designed for carnival singing, dancing, and parading with lively rhythms.

Son

Cuban fusion of Spanish songs and African rumba rhythms, played with guitar, contrabass, bongos, maracas, and claves.

Salsa

Social dance from New York with Cuban and Puerto Rican influences, combining swing, hustle, and complex Afro-Caribbean forms.

1. Tlapitzalli

2. Teponaztli

3. Conch

4. Huehueti

5. Rasp

Ancient Aztecs and Mayan Instruments

1. Ocarina

2. Zampoñas/ SIKU

3. Tarkas

4. Quenas

Incan And Andean Musical Heritage

Tlapitzalli

Clay flute with deity decorations

Teponaztli

Carved hardwood slit drum

Conch

Seashell trumpet

Rasp

sound is produced by scraping a group of notched sticks with another stick

Huehueti

Upright tubular drum on three legs

Ocarina

Ancient clay vessel flute with 4-12 finger holes

Zampoñas/ SIKU

Panpipes tuned to different scales, played by blowing across tube tops

Tarkas

Vertical flutes for rainy season

Quenas

End-notched bamboo flutes for dry season

Mariachi

Mexico’s Musical Pride

Passionate and Romantic

Mariachi music captivates with _____ and _______ blended harmonies and catchy rhythms.

1. Cumbia

2. Tango

3. Cha cha

4. Rumba

5. Foxtrot

Latin Dance Forms

Cumbia

African courtship dance from Panama and Colombia with European and African characteristics and varying rhythmic meters.

Tango

Foremost Argentinian urban dance, expressive and nationalistic, representing 20th century musical identity.

Cha cha

Cuban ballroom dance from 1953 derived from mambo, featuring sensual polyrhythmic patterns and "two-three-cha-cha-cha" count.

Rumba

Afro-Cuban recreational dance with couples in embrace, featuring hip movements in fast-fast-slow sequence.

Foxtrot

African courtship dance from Panama and Colombia with European and African characteristics and varying rhythmic meters.

1. Bossa Nova

2. Reggae

3. Paso Doble

Modern Latin Genres

Bossa Nova

Slower, gentler Cuban Samba version from the 1950s. Portuguese for "new trend," integrating melody, harmony, and rhythm with swaying feel, sung nasally.

Antonio Carlos Jobim

Who is the key figure of bossa nova?

Reggae

Jamaican urban music from mid-1960s, instantly recognizable from bass-drum counterpoint and offbeat rhythm section.

Bob Marley

Who is the best know artist of reggae?

Paso Doble

Theatrical Spanish bullfight dance meaning "double step." Features arrogant, dignified movements with strong heel steps and artistic hand gestures.

Latin American

music represents one of the world's most influential musical traditions, spreading globally through migration and cultural exchange. From ancient ceremonial instruments to modern dance floors, these rhythms continue to unite people across cultures.

African rumba

SENSUAL MOVEMENTS, SLOW AND MODERATE SPEED AND COMBINES ELEMENTS OF SWINGS BLUES AND AFRICAN TRADITIONAL MUSIC.

Salsa

COMBINES ROCK AND JAZZ MUSIC ELEMENTS. It features a fast, upbeat tempo, complex rhythms based on the clave pattern, and instrumentation including percussion like congas and timbales, brass, and piano.

Aztecs

MESOAMERICAN CIVILIZATION THAT FLOURISHED IN CENTRAL MEXICO (1300-1521) POST CLASSICAL PERIOD

Mayan

MESOAMERICAN CIVILIZATION FROM ANTIQUITY TO MODERN CIVILIZATION. SOUTHERN MEXICO, GUATEMALA AND NORTHERN BELIZE (UK)