Endocrine System Overview

These flashcards cover the key concepts and details about the endocrine system as discussed in the lecture notes.

What are the major glands of the endocrine system?

Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands, Adrenal glands, Pancreas, Pineal gland, Thymus, Ovaries, and Testes.

What is the main function of endocrine glands?

They are ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood stream.

Define exocrine glands.

Glands that secrete substances via ducts to external surfaces.

What is the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in terms of communication?

The nervous system uses neurotransmitters for quick responses, while the endocrine system uses hormones for longer-lasting effects.

What are the two types of hormones based on their chemical nature?

Steroid hormones and non-steroid hormones.

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland and regulates hormonal secretions.

List two hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland.

Growth hormone (GH) and Prolactin (PRL).

What triggers the release of Oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland?

Nerve impulses from the hypothalamus during childbirth and lactation.

What is the primary role of Thyroid Hormones?

They regulate metabolism, growth, and development.

What hormone does the adrenal cortex primarily produce?

Cortisol.

What is the function of glucagon?

It increases blood glucose levels.

What does the pineal gland secrete?

Melatonin, which regulates circadian rhythms.

What hormone does the thymus gland produce?

Thymosins, which are involved in T-cell production.

What is up-regulation in hormone action?

The increase in the number of receptors on target cells in response to decreased hormone levels.

What is down-regulation in hormone action?

The decrease in the number of receptors on target cells in response to increased hormone levels.