Chapter 3 ECG Q&A and Fill-ins

Augmented lead

Normally small lead tracings that are increased in size by the ECG machine. Amplified so we can look at it

Bipolar lead

Measuers flow of electrical current in both directions

Einthoven's Triangle

Formed by 3 limb electricals and is used for reference with the first 6 waves of the ECG

Electrodes

Sensors that pick up electrical activity, conducting to the ECG machine

Leads

Wires leading from electrode to machine

Limb lead

Attached to arms and legs

Precordial lead

Leads on chest. V1-6. unipolar (only detect current in 1 direction)

Isoelectric waveform

Flat, no current flowing

Positive waveform

Upright, current flows to positive electrode

Negative waveform

Downward, current flows away from positive electrode

Waveform

The ECG ______ indicates how the heart is functioning electrically

6;4

10 lead wires have __ chest leads and __ limb leads that are coded by color and letter

3, 3, 12

10 lead wires have __ standard leads, __ augmented leads, and produces __ different views

1,2,3

What are the names of the standard limb leads?

Electrode

Each lead is attached to an ______

Isoelectric, positive, negative

What are the 3 waveform types?

Right, +, left, +, lateral

Lead I records tracing from ______ arm (_) to ______ arm (_). View is of the ______ wall

Right, -, left, +, inferior

Lead II records tracing from ______ arm (_) to ______ leg(_). View is of the ______ wall

Left, -, left, +, inferior

Lead III records tracing from ______ arm (_) to ______ arm (_). View is of the ______ wall

Standard

Leads I-III are ______ leads.

Heart, right, -, non-specific

aVR records activity from ______ to ______ arm. Usually produces a __ deflection. View is ______

Heart, left, lateral

aVL records activity from ______ to ______ arm. View is of the ______ wall

Heart, left, inferior

Lead I records tracing from ______ arm (_) to ______ arm (_). View is of the ______ wall

Left ventricle

All leads are trying to get a good view of what part of the heart?

Input

Data entered into the ECG machine from electrodes through wires. Either printed report or on screen

Multichannel recorder

Measures all 12, but only records 3-6 leads at a time

Output display

Part of the machine that shows you whats is happening

Serial ECG comparison

Multiple and frequent tracing recorded at intervals based on the condition

Signal processing

Machne amplifies impulse and converts it into waveform to be interpreted

10

Most ECG Machines weigh less than __ pounds

3-6

Multichannel ECG machines monitors _-_ leads at a time

10

Multichannel ECG machines have a recording time of approximately __ seconds.

Input, signal processing, output

What are the 3 primary functions of an ECG machine?

Artifact

unwanted marks, activity, or noise on an ECG. Filter is used to reduce tracings

Bradycardia

Slower than normal heart rate

Tachycardia

Faster than normal heart rate

Gain

control on ECG machine that increases or decreases size of deflection. Magnification

Speed control

Regulates speed of paper. Can spread out ECG recording to make it easier to read

Millimeter

Measure of time on x-axis of paper

Millivolt

Measure of speed on y-axis of paper

LCD display

Area where patient info can be viewed

25 mm/sec

What is the normal setting for speed control?

50 mm/sec

For a very fast heart rate, what should the speed control be?

10 mm/mV

What is the normal setting for gain control?

40-150 Hz

What is the normal setting for the artifact filter?

Gain control

Which of the ECG controls can be used to make the tracing appear larger?

10

How many electrodes are used for the 12-lead ECG?

Dot matrix & standard grid

What are the 2 types of ECG graph paper?

Heat & pressure

What is the standard grid paper sensitive to? (also alcohol, plastic, sunlight and xray film)

7

ECG tracings must legally be kept for _ years

.04, 1, .1

A small box is 1mm by 1mm. It represents:

• .__ seconds horizontally at __ mm

• .__ mV vertically

.20, 1

A large box is 5mm by 5mm. It represents:

• .__ seconds horizontally at

• Calibrated so that 1 cm = .__ mV vertically

Count number of small boxes between 2 R waves and divide by 1500

How do you calculate HR using the 1500 method

Count the number of complete complexes in a 6-second section, multiply that by 10

How do you calculate HR using the 6 second method?