Histology of Endocrine Glands

Anterior Pituitary

The anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) composed of glandular tissue, works w blood vessels

Growth hormone (GH)- cell division, helps w growth of bones

Prolactin (PRL)- milk production after birth

F.L.A.T (Tropic Hormones- Hormones that stimulates other endocrine glands)

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)- sexual development, help development of egg in ovaries, in males helps the production of sperm

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)- regulates the production of cortisol from the adrenal glands. It plays a key role in the body's response to stress.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)- promotes secretion of male and female sex hormones

Thyroid- Stimulating Hormone (TSH)- stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism and energy. (T4- thyroxine and T3- triiodoththyronine ).

Posterior Pituitary Gland

The posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis), works w the nervous system (neurotransmitters)

stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

Oxytocin- causes muscle contraction of the uterine walls during birth

Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH)- cause kidneys to reduce water excretion, helps maintain blood pressure

Thyroid Gland

Hormones: thyroid hormones

T3- triiodoththyronine: same as T4 just more potent

T4- thyroxine: increases energy rate, increases rate of protein synthesis, accelerates growth,

calcitonin- Lowers blood calcium and phosphate ion concentration

*has special ability to remove iodine from blood

Parathyroid Gland

On posterior side of thyroid gland

Hormones:

parathyroid hormone (PTH: Parathormone)- increases blood level of calcium, decreases phosphate

-acts on bone, kidneys, intestines

Pancreas

Both Endocrine & Exocrine

Endo- hormones into body fluids

Exo- Juices though Pancreatic Duct

Hormones:

Glucagon: Alpha cells- increase blood glucose

Insulin: Beta cells- decreases blood glucose

Somatostatin: Delta cells- Inhibits (holds back) secretion of insulin and glucagon

Adrenal Cortex

Out portion of Gland

Hormones:

Aldosterone (ALD)- regulates electrolytes by conserving sodium ions and excreting potassium ions

Cortisol - decreases protein synthesis, increase fatty acid, stimulates glucose synthesis

Estrogen

Testostron

Adrenal Medulla

Central portion of gland

Hormones:

Epinephrine 80%- (adrenaline) “fight or flight response

Norepinephrine 20%

What hormones does thymus gland have?

Thymosin- production/matyration of T cells, which fight infections

Thymopoietin- promotes different T cheeks and enhances immune response

Thymulin- regulates development/function of T cells and has anti-inflammatory properites

GH Factor 1- supports growth and differentiation of T cells