review nutrition basics - life cycle nutrition

what are the six categories of nutrients

fat, proteins, carbohydrates, water, vitamins, and minerals

which of the following are considered to be “essential” nutrients

a) fiber

b) cholesterol

c) linoleic and alpha-linoleic acid

d) glucose

e) all of the above

c) linoleic and alpha linoleic acid

a “calorie” is

the amount of energy transferred from food to the body and measured in units known as kilocalories

the general term used to describe recommended intake levels of nutrients (reference standards) for planning and assessing diets in all healthy people are

dietary reference intake

the estimated average requirement (EAR) means

an intake level that meets the nutrient needs of half the healthy individuals in a group

is is recommended that ___ of calories come from carbohydrates

45 - 65%

what two monosaccharides are found in sucrose (table sugar)

glucose and fructose

diets that include low glycemic index carbohydrates have been found to be beneficial in

• improving blood glucose levels in people with diabetes

• reducing elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides

• decreasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes

hydrogenation is

• the addition of hydrogen to oil in order to make it solid

• a process that enhances the shelf life of products

• the alteration of the molecular structure of fatty acids

current recommendations call for ___ of total calories from fat

20 - 35%

unhealthy fats are considered fats that elevate levels of LDL cholesterol and include

trans fats

protein should contribute approximately __ of your energy intake

10 - 35%

which of the following combinations do not represent complete proteins?

a) grains and seeds

b) grains and beans

c) seeds and beans

d) soybeans and milk

d) soybeans and milk

a food label ingredient list reads: wheat flour, vegetable shortening, sugar, salt, and cornstarch. What item would contribute the greatest amount of weight in that food?

wheat flour

all of the following statements about food labels are true except:

a) they note the presence of common food allergies

b) they appear on almost all multiple-ingredient foods

they list the content of fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol

c) they contain information about the amount recommended for ingestion each day

a) they note the presence of common food allergies

Producers of bread, cornmeal, crackers, flour tortillas, white rice, and other products made with refined grains must use flours enriched with which of the following?

thiamin, niacin, and riboflavin

foods are made “functional” by:

• taking out potentially harmful components

• increasing the amount of nutrients and beneficial non-nutrients

• adding new beneficial compounds to them

what is the percent of calories provided from fat?

total fat 5g and total calories is 170

fat is 9 kcal per gram

5 × 9 = 45

45/170= 0.26

0.26 × 100% = 26%

what are mandatory nutrients on a food label

total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrate, dietary fiber, total sugars, added sugars, protein, and certain vitamins (A and C) and minerals

percent daily values on the nutrition facts label are based on a ___ -calorie diet

2000

after class, you go to jamba juice and get an “‘orange-a-peel” smoothie that contains the following nutrients: 9 grams of protein, 102 grams of carbohydrates, and 1 gram of fat. how many total calories does this provide?

102 g × 4 kcal/g = 408 kcal

9 g x 4 kcal/g = 36 kcal

1 g x 9 kcal/g = 9kcal

408 + 36 + 9 = 453 kcal

if the total calories of the smoothie is 453 kcal and you had 1 gram of fat, what is the % of fat in the smoothie

(calories from fat / total calories) x 100 = percentage of calories from fat. 

1g ×9 kcal/g = 9 kcal

(9/453) x 100 = 2%

if a woman drank a glass of regular, fortified milk, what is the most important essential nutrient that she added to her diet?

calcium

which of the following is an example of an empty calorie food?

a) diet coke

b) red kidney beans found in chilli

c) coffee

d) potato chips

d) potato chips

which of the following is NOT true about the development of nutrient deficiencies or toxicities?

a) nutrient deficiencies begin after a period of inadequate nutrient intake

b) cellular processes become impaired

c) physical signs and symptoms of toxicity or deficiency appear

d) returning dietary intake to normal can reverse ALL the problems that have occurred

d) returning dietary intake to normal can reverse ALL the problems that have occurred

A 65 year old was buying an iron supplement for her “weak blood”. she asked the pharmacist what amount was the greatest amount of iron she could take every day. What dietary intake standards could the pharmacist use to provide the best recommendation?

recommended dietary allowances (RDAs)

what serving below does NOT provide significant amounts of iron?

a) round steak, 3 oz

b) pork and beans, 1.2 cup

c) peaches, ½ cup

d) iron-fortified breakfast cereal, 1 cup

c) peaches, ½ cup

what nutrient would someone susceptible to high blood pressure be consuming too much with a meal consisting of a salami sandwich, chicken noodle soup, and whole milk?

sodium

since the 2005 dietary guidelines for americans, what type of grains are encouraged ?

whole grains

if an adult is trying to decrease her risk of heart disease, what should she avoid?

• breaded and fried foods

• packaged snack foods

• foods made with trans fat

• saturated fats

phytochemicials are chemical substances found in ____ that protect the human body processes and may benefit health

plants

what vitamins acts as antioxidant in the body

vitamin A (beta-carotene), vitamin C and vitamin E

what does water do in the body and doesn’t do?

water can:

• energy metabolism regulation

• excretion of wastes

• temperature regulations

water can’t:

• energy transformation

the balance of fluids, nutrients, temperature, and other conditions needed to ensure proper functioning of cells is known as

regulation

when too few calories are consumed, the body will obtain energy from what

• glycogen

• fat stores

nutrient dense foods can be defined as

foods that contain good sources of nutrients and are low in calories

which of the following statements reflects the most accurate assessment measurements?

a) an older adult weighing herself at home

b) a new breastfeeding mom recording what she ate over the past 24 hours

c) a dietitian interviewing a mom with a 5-year old toddler about what she at over the past 24 hours and then asking her to record what the toddler ate over the next 2 days

d) a physician asking the height of an 80-year-old male patient

c) a dietitian interviewing a mom with a 5-year old toddler about what she at over the past 24 hours and then asking her to record what the toddler ate over the next 2 days

which of the following would not be considered one of the 4 components of nutrition assessment ?

a) anthropometric assessment

b) biochemical testing

c) clinical examination

d) initial evaluation

d) initial evaluation

inspections of hair, eyes, skin, and posture is part of the nutrition assessment component known as

clinical examination

good food sources of antioxidants would include which of the following foods?

a) bananas, raisins, figs

b) oranges, sweet potatoes, bell peppers

c) milk, yogurt, and cheese

d) all of the above

b) oranges, sweet potatoes, bell peppers

which of the following groups of people would be considered most appropriate to recommend a dietary supplement to

a) pregnant women

b) people who are in sports

c) lacto-ovo vegetarians

d) all of the above

a) pregnant women

which of the following would not be an example of an approved dietary supplement claim?

a) calcium builds strong bones

b) calcium prevents bone fracture

c) vitamin E, an antioxidant, helps maintain cell membranes

d) XYZ helps promote urinary tract health

a) calcium builds strong bones

which of the following nutrients is considered nonessential ?

a) vitamin C

b) iron

c) cholesterol

d) potassium

c) cholesterol

which of the following food groups would give a person a high amount of probiotics in his/her diet?

a) fresh sauerkraut

b) soy sauce, tempeh, miso

c) buttermilk

d) all of the above

d) all of the above

key recommendations found in the 2010 dietary guidelines for americans emphasize:

a) the importance of achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight

b) engaging in moderately intense physical activity on most weekdays

c) focusing on whole grains and highly colored vegetables

d) these are all key points

d) these are all key points

water-soluble vitamins include

Vitamin B and Vitamin C

fat soluble vitamins include

vitamins A, D, E, and K