Canadian History Post-Confederation (KPER - 2170)

Industrial Revolution

Transition to systematized production using machinery and organized labour.

Post-Confederation

Period after Canada's Confederation in 1867 when industrial growth accelerated.

Global Context

Britain and the northeastern U.S. industrialized early, leading to innovations in transportation.

Bessemer Process

A method for producing steel more cheaply and efficiently.

National Policy

Canadian government strategy aimed at promoting industrialization and nation-building.

Company Towns

Towns where a single company controls both work and housing, leading to economic vulnerability.

Maternal Feminism

A form of feminism advocating for women's influence based on their roles as mothers and homemakers.

Social Gospel

A movement applying Christian principles to social issues, advocating for social justice and activism.

Technological Advances

Innovations in technology that supported industrial growth and economic transformation.

Economic Transformation

Widespread adoption of machinery and increased reliance on fossil fuels during industrialization.

Labour Market

The supply and demand for workers, particularly in the context of industrial growth.

Single Industry Towns

Towns focused primarily on one main industry, vulnerable to economic downturns.

Urbanization

The process by which cities grow and populations increase, particularly during the Industrial Revolution.

Overcrowding

Conditions in urban areas where housing cannot adequately accommodate the growing population.

Logistics in Industrialization

The management of transporting raw materials, products, and labor over large distances.

De-skilling of the workforce

A process whereby skilled labor is replaced by machines, reducing the need for skilled workers.

Children in Labor

Children often employed in industrial jobs, reflecting labor practices of the time.

Energy Transition

Shift from organic energy sources to inorganic, including steam power and fossil fuels.

Population Growth (1861-1901)

Significant increase in Canada's labor force during this period.

Civil Rights

Efforts to achieve equality and rights for marginalized groups, especially in terms of race.

Women’s Suffrage

The movement advocating for women's right to vote, linked to broader struggles for rights.

Knights of Labor

An organization that aimed to represent industrial workers, advocating for their rights.

Inter-generational Mobility

The ability of individuals to improve their economic status compared to their parents.

Company Town Vulnerability

Economic instability faced by single industry towns dependent on a particular industry.

Child Labor Laws

Legislation aimed at preventing the exploitation of children in the workforce.

Quality Standardization

Maintaining consistent product quality through mechanization during industrialization.

Urban Conditions (1920)

Challenges faced in cities, including poor health and overcrowding among working-class populations.

Labor Rights Advocacy

Efforts to secure better working conditions and fair wages for laborers.

Economic Justice Movement

Advocacy aiming to reduce inequality and improve living conditions for the poorest.

Labor Unions

Organizations representing workers' interests, particularly in labor rights and conditions.

Blacksmithing in Urbanization

A skilled trade affected by industrialization where machines replaced many traditional roles.

Women’s Organizations (Founded 1870-1900)

Groups formed to address social issues, initially hesitating to support suffrage.

Social Responsibility

The obligation of individuals and organizations to act for the benefit of society at large.

Collective Action

Efforts made by a group of people to achieve a common objective, particularly in labor movements.

Technological Infrastructure

The physical and organizational structures needed for the operation of industrial processes.

Urbanization for Women

The shift in women's roles within rapidly growing urban environments and industrial settings.

Historical Debate

Discussion over the causes and implications of Canada's industrialization.

Integration of Labour Markets

The connection between labor markets across different regions, often influenced by industrial growth.

Working-Class Culture

The shared experiences and social practices of industrial workers during the era.

Eugenics Movement

A controversial social movement advocating for the improvement of human genetic qualities.

Emergence of Social Movements

The rise of advocacy groups aimed at addressing social issues and injustices.

Barriers to Suffrage

Obstacles preventing women from obtaining voting rights, often rooted in socio-economic issues.

Challenges of Urbanization

Problems such as inadequate housing, sanitation, and health services in growing cities.

Capital Investment Growth (1871-1911)

Significant increase in financial contributions to industrial development in Ontario.

Women's Press Club (1904)

A group that included female writers aiming to promote women's voices and literary contributions.

Artistic Pursuits

Activities focused on creative expression, supported by women's artistic organizations.

Religious Charitable Organizations

Groups providing social welfare services, influenced by principles of the Social Gospel.

Social Reform

Efforts to improve societal conditions in areas such as health, education, and employment.

Legacy of Women's Organizations

The impact women's groups have had on advancing rights and social justice in Canada.

Urban Growth Example

Significant population increases in cities like Halifax, New Glasgow, and Winnipeg after Confederation.

Vulnerable Populations

Groups such as immigrants and the working-class often facing significant social challenges.

Role of Women in Labor Resistance

Participation of women in movements opposing unfair labor practices and advocating for rights.

Social Gospel Principles

Ethical guidelines focused on social justice drawn from Christian teachings.

Family and Community Emphasis

The focus on collective community well-being rather than individualism in social gospel teachings.

Women’s Advocacy Groups

Organizations promoting women's rights and addressing gender-specific issues in society.

Future Political Influence

The role early women's organizations played in shaping future political leaders and policies.

Industrial Capitalism

An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and the investment of capital.

Social Justice Movements

Efforts aimed at addressing systemic inequalities and advocating for human rights.