Systems and Machines Review

Flashcards reviewing key concepts about systems, components, inputs, outputs, efficiency, forces, and simple machines.

What is a system and its function?

A set of parts working together to accomplish a task.

What are the components of a system?

Inputs, outputs, processes, and subsystems.

What is the difference between a physical system and a social system?

A physical system uses objects (e.g., a bicycle), while a social system involves people (e.g., a school).

What are input and output in a system?

Input is what enters the system (energy, information, matter), and output is the result (product, service).

What is a side effect in a system?

An unexpected or unwanted result.

How and why can a system change over time?

With new technologies or different needs.

What is the importance of efficiency in a system?

An efficient system uses few resources to achieve good results.

How can overconsumption harm a system or the community?

It wastes resources, pollutes, and overloads systems.

What are the roles of systems in industries?

They make tasks faster, more organized, and more productive.

How can technologies influence a system?

They make systems more efficient but can cause side effects.

What factors can influence the efficiency of a system?

Physical: friction (e.g., a machine overheating). Social: communication (e.g., misunderstandings in a team).

System

Group of elements working together.

Components

Parts of a system.

Input/Output

What goes in / what comes out.

Physical System

Uses objects.

Social System

Involves people.

Side Effect

Unexpected result.

Overconsumption

Excessive use.

Industry

Organized economic activity.

Work (in science)

Force × Distance.

Simple Machine

Tool that facilitates a task (lever, inclined plane…).

Force

Push or pull.

Mechanical Gain

Advantage of a machine.

Friction

Resistance between two surfaces.

Gravity

Force that attracts towards the Earth.

Buoyancy

Force that pushes an object upwards in a liquid.

Tension

Force that pulls.

Compression

Force that pushes.

Microwave oven inputs

Electricity, food.

Microwave oven outputs

Hot food, heat.

Microwave oven side effect

Noise, energy consumption.

School inputs/outputs

Students ; knowledge

Factory inputs/outputs

Raw materials ; products

Less efficient system

Too much loss (e.g., wasted energy).

More efficient system

Automation, maintenance.

Forces in a bicycle system

Muscle force makes it move, friction slows it down.

Lever (e.g., crowbar)

Increases the applied force.

Components of a computer

Keyboard, screen, processor.

Computer inputs

Electricity, data.

Computer outputs

Results on the screen, heat.

Importance of efficiency in a system

Avoids waste, saves time and resources.

Systems and industries

Systems help industries produce, manage, and deliver better.

How forces help or harm

Tension helps pull a cart. Friction can slow down a machine.

Inclined plane (ramp)

Helps to lift objects more easily.

Reduce negative effects

Recycle, use less energy, design sustainable systems.

Work formula

Force × Distance

Mechanical Gain formula

Output Force / Input Force

Weight formula

Mass × 9.8 N/kg