Science in Action 9 Unit B section 1.0

WHIMIS

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

Easy to see warning symbols on hazardous materials

Yellow Triangle

caution

orange diamond

warning

Red octagon

danger

Hazard warning

Flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, electrical, biological, irritant.

States

Refers to the 3 common states in which matter can exist.

Solid

Liquid

Gas

melting

solid to liquid

Evaporation

Liquid to gas

Condensation

Gas to liquid

Freezing

liquid to solid

Sublimation

solid to gas

Deposition

gas to solid

Properties

Characteristics that describe a particular substance

types of physical properties

Colour, lustre,melting point, Crystal shape, solubility, hardness, malleability, boiling point, ductility, density, conductivity.

physical properties

Property that describes the physical appearance and the composition of a substance

physical change

Change in appearance or state of a substance that does not change the composition. Can change state back and forth and is not permanent

malleable

Description of a substance that can be found in rolled into sheets

Ductile

Description of a solid that can be stretched into a long wire like copper

Solubility

Mass of a substance that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent to form a saturated solution at a given temperature

Density

Amount of mass in a given volume of a substance

Conductivity

Ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat

chemical property

Description of a substance interacts with other substances such as acids; chemical properties are observable only when a chemical change occurs

Chemical properties example

Reaction with acid's

-ability to burn

- reaction with water

-behaviour in air

-reaction to heat

chemical change

Change that results in two or more substances react to create a different substance or substances; the new substance have completely different properties from the original ones. Irreversible

Pure substance

Substance made only of one kind of matter, which has a unique set of properties

Element

Pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances; made up of only one type of atom

Periodic table

A table in which the elements are organized by their physical and chemical properties.

Compound

Chemical combination of two or more elements in a specific ratio

Mixture

Combination of pure substances; unlike a compound the components of a mixture do not combine chemically and are not always in the same ratio

Mechanical Mixture

Heterogeneous mixture; mixture in which the different substances that make up the mixture are visible

Solution

Homogeneous mixture; mixture of two or more pure substances that looks like one substance.

aqueous solution

Solution in which water is the solvent/base

Suspension

Cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another, and the particles can be separated out

Colloid

Cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of a substance are held within another, and particles cannot be separated out from the other substance

Colloid example

milk

Suspension example

orange juice with pulp

evidence of chemical change

Change colour

change in order

Formation of a state (precipitate) or gas

Thermal energy(release or absorption of heat energy)

Freeze drying

a method of removing 98% of water from food.

Converts water in food to ice then put in a chamber then reduces pressure until ice. Turns to gas.

Put in hot water to revive it, does not need to be refrigerated

MRE

Meal Ready to Eat

Flameless ration heater

Heater pouch that contains magnesium, iron, and salt.

Add water then forms a chemical change which releases heat enough to warm freeze-drying contents.

Corn

Corn goes through a chemical change called fermentation, once complete a new substance is recovered, purified then turned into a biodegradable product

Example of Corn chemical products

Soda pop bottles, fuel for some cars, paint or nail polish remover. Plastics, solvents, and gasohol

Popcorn is chemical or physical ?

Chemical Change because it's state cannot change back to original and it gave off a gas, had a change of colour, had a change of odour, and absorbed heat.