Q2 QE ORALCOMM

Intrapersonal

• happens within oneself

Speech Context

Situation or environment that communication happens.

Interpersonal

involves two or more people

Dyadic

2 people

Small group

a small number of people with the same goal.

public

• Involves individuals who share information with a large group.

• May be done because:

  • To inform

  • To persuade

  • To entertain

mass communication

takes place through television, radio, newspaper, and other types of media

Organizational Communication

• Interaction of members along the links in an organizational culture.

Intercultural Communication

• Between and among people of different nationalities and cultures.

Speech Style

• According to Martin Joos, it means the form of language that the speaker uses.

• Degree of formality

intimate

• private

• occurs between/among close family members or individual

casual

• common among peers and friends, jargons, slang, or the vernacular language are used

consultative

• standard

• professional or mutually acceptable language is a must in this styles

• doctor and patients

formal

• used in formal settings

• one-way

• SONA

frozen

• remains unchanged'

• Lord’s prayer

Speech Acts

• is an utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect

Speech Act Theory

concerned with the ways in which words can be used not only to present information but to carry out actions

John Langshaw 

A philosopher and the developer

Types of Speech Act

by John Austin a philosopher and developer of the speech act theory (1962)

Locutionary Act

• utterance, acts and propositional acts

• any sound

• must express a definable point

Illocutionary Act

• active result of the implied meaning from the locutionary act

• “by saying something we do something”

Perlocutionary Act

• effects the other acts have on the listener

• can influence change in behavior

Assertives

asserts an idea, opinion, or suggestion

• Asserting one’s rights, concluding from observations, describing a person.

• Example: “We watched a movie yesterday.”

Directives

• intends to get the listener to do something

Commissives

speaker commits to doing something in the future

Expressiveness

speaker states something about their psychological attitudes and their attitudes towards a situation

• Example: “I sincerely apologize for my actions.”

Declaratives

speaker declares something that has the potential to bring about a change in the world

• Example: “I pronounce you husband and wife.”

Expository or Informative Speech

• Provides information

• Share information and allow them to be informed

• Intend to teach or educate

Persuasive

written to persuade or convince the listeners

Entertaining

sole purpose is to have the audience enjoy the presentation

Argumentative

to radically change opinions of others or destroy an existing idea

e.g. debate

Impromptu

without advance preparation

• delivered on the spot

• How to start impromptu speech:

  PREP - Point, Reason, Example, Point

  Pros vs. cons

  Introduction, Body, Conclusion

  E.g for intro: poem. quotation, song

Extemporaneous

carefully planned and rehearsed

Manuscript

word for word reiteration of a written message

Memorized

recited from memory

1st Principle: Choosing the Topic

impart a message to the listeners

2nd principle: Analyzing the Audience

know if they can relate

3rd principle: Sourcing the Information

uses of references

4th principle: Facial Expressions, Gestures, & Movements

use appropriate actions

5th principle: Audience Rapport

connection w/ audience

Nomination

collaboratively establish a topic

Restriction

• Containing the response/reaction within a set of categories.

• Responses are limited or restricted what can be said in a conversation.

Turn-taking

• One person is listening while the other speaks

Topic Control

• Keeping the interaction going.

• Keep unneeded topic changes back to its original topic.

Topic Shifting

• Introducing a new topic following by a continuation of that topic.

Repair

• Clarifies what he or she said when misunderstanding occurs

• Used in miscommunication

Speech

• Expression of thoughts in spoken words.

• Any type of formal or informal discourse intended to be delivered or orated to the audience.

Termination

participants initiating expressions that end the topic