Movement in and out of cells (2.1-2.2)

Respiration supplies energy

________ to drive carrier protein across membrane.

Molecules

________ and ions in liquids or a gas move continuously and randomly and so they change direction as they bump into eachother.

Gas exchange

________ in the alveoli of lungs takes place by diffusion.

Temprature on diffusion

________: An increase in temperature will increase the rate of diffusion; Molecules gain kinetic energy and so will move faster (faster diffusion)

Osmosis

________: The net movement of water molecules from a solution of high water potential to a solution of low water potential (down a water potential gradient) across a partially permeable.

Diffusion

________: the net movement of molecules within a gas or liquid from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration (down a concentration gradient) across a semi permeable membrane, until equilibrium is reached.

solution of low water

When it is immersed in a(n) ________ potential: the cell loses water.

Concentration gradient in diffusion

________: The higher the difference in concentrations the faster the rate of diffusion.

Active transport

________: the movement of molecules from a region of LOWER concentration to a region of HIGHER concentration (against a concentration gradient)

plant cell

When a(n) ________ is placed in a solution of low water potential: water leaves the the cell.

Gas exchange

________ through the stomata of the leaves occurs by diffusion.

Diffusion

the net movement of molecules within a gas or liquid from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration (down a concentration gradient) across a semi permeable membrane, until equilibrium is reached

Concentration gradient

The higher the difference in concentrations the faster the rate of diffusion

Temprature

An increase in temperature will increase the rate of diffusion; Molecules gain kinetic energy and so will move faster (faster diffusion)

Surface area of the membrane

Larger surface area of the membrane the higher the rate of diffusion

Distance over which diffusing molecules travel

Shorter the distances faster the rate of diffusion

Size of diffusing molecules

Smaller/lighter molecules will move faster and so will have a higher rate of diffusion

Osmosis

The net movement of water molecules from a solution of high water potential to a solution of low water potential (down a water potential gradient) across a partially permeable

When a plant cell is placed in a solution of low water potential

water leaves the the cell

When it is placed in a solution of high water potential

water enters the cell

When it is immersed in a solution of low water potential

the cell loses water

When it is immersed in a solution of high water potential

the cell takes in water

Active transport

the movement of molecules from a region of LOWER concentration to a region of HIGHER concentration (against a concentration gradient)