Thẻ ghi nhớ: Unit 2 - Diseases of the Cardiovascular System | Quizlet

angina pectoris

Mild-to-severe chest pain caused by ischemia of the myocardium

cardiomegaly

Enlargement of the heart, usually due to congestive heart failure

cardiomyopathy

Any disease condition of the heart muscle

congestive heart failure

Inability of the heart to pump sufficient amounts of blood

myocardial infarction

Death of myocardial cells due to severe ischemia

endocarditis

Inflammation and bacterial infection of the endocardium lining a heart valve

mitral valve prolapse

Structural abnormality in which the leaflets of the mitral valve do not close tightly

murmur

Abnormal heart sound created by turbulence as blood leaks through a defective heart valve

pericarditis

Infection or inflammation of the pericardial sac with an excessive accumulation of pericardial fluid

arrhythmia

Any type of irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart

bradycardia

Arrhythmia in which the heart beats too slowly

fibrillation

Arrhythmia in which there is a very fast, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium

flutter

Arrhythmia in which there is a very fast but regular rhythm of the atria or ventricles

heart block

Arrhythmia in which electrical impulses cannot travel normally from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers

premature contraction

Arrhythmia in which there are one or more extra contractions in between systole and diastole

sick sinus syndrome

Arrhythmia in which bradycardia alternates with tachycardia

asystole

Complete absence of a heartbeat

aneurysm

Area of dilation and weakness in the wall of an artery

arteriosclerosis

Progressive degenerative changes that produce a narrowed, hardened artery

bruit

A harsh, rushing sound made by blood passing through an artery narrowed and roughened by atherosclerosis

coronary artery disease

Arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries

hyperlipidemia

Elevated levels of lipids in the blood

hypercholesterolemia

Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood

hypertriglyceridemia

Elevated levels of triglycerides in the blood

hypertension

Elevated blood pressure

hypotension

Blood pressure lower than 90/60 mm Hg, usually because of a loss of blood volume

peripheral artery disease

Atherosclerosis of the arteries in the legs

peripheral vascular disease

Any disease of the arteries of the extremities

phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein, usually accompanied by infection

Raynaud's disease

Sudden, severe vasoconstriction and spasm of the arterioles in the fingers and toes, often triggered by cold or emotional upset

varicose veins

Damaged or incompetent valves in a vein that allow blood to flow backward and collect in the preceding section of vein